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Related Concept Videos

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
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Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
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Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
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Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

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Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure...
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Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

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A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
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Neuronal nitric oxide synthase polymorphisms in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Muruvvet Topaloglu1, Erdem Tuzun2, Huseyin Gulec1

  • 1a Department of Neurology , Istanbul Erenkoy Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey.

Nordic Journal of Psychiatry
|October 15, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Genetic variations in neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) are linked to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Specific nNOS gene polymorphisms increase OCD risk, suggesting a role in the disorder

Keywords:
Obsessive-compulsive disorderneuronal nitric oxide synthasepolymorphism

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) significantly impacts patient quality of life.
  • Neuronal nitric oxide is increasingly recognized as a neurotransmitter modulator in OCD pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between variations in neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) genes and susceptibility to OCD.
  • To determine if specific nNOS gene polymorphisms contribute to the development of OCD.

Main Methods:

  • Examined nNOS gene polymorphisms in 100 OCD patients and 121 healthy controls.
  • Utilized polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme digestion techniques for genotyping.

Main Results:

  • A significantly higher incidence of the nNOS 276 C+ genotype was observed in OCD patients compared to controls.
  • The nNOS 276 C+ genotype conferred a two-fold increased risk for developing OCD.
  • No significant differences in nNOS 84 genotype frequencies were found between OCD patients and controls.

Conclusions:

  • This study establishes a significant association between nNOS gene polymorphism and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
  • Further research is required to elucidate the precise mechanisms through which nNOS gene variants influence OCD pathogenesis.