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Related Concept Videos

Thermodynamic Systems01:06

Thermodynamic Systems

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A thermodynamic system is a set of objects whose thermodynamic properties are of interest. The system is considered to be embedded in its surroundings or the environment. The system and its environment can exchange heat and do work on each other through a boundary that separates them. However, the immediate surroundings of the system interact with it directly and therefore have a much stronger influence on its behavior and properties.
Consider an example of  tea boiling in a kettle. The...
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The Carnot Cycle01:30

The Carnot Cycle

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Converting work to heat is an irreversible process, and the purpose of a heat engine is to reverse the effect partially. Heat engines aim to increase the efficiency of the reversal, that is, maximize the work retrieved from heat. If the efficiency of a heat engine were 100%, it would imply reversing the process completely without introducing any other effect. Thus, it would violate the second law of thermodynamics.
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The Carnot Cycle and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:20

The Carnot Cycle and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

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The Carnot engine works between two heat reservoirs of fixed temperatures. The Carnot cycle begs the following question: Is it possible to devise a heat engine that is more efficient than a Carnot engine between two fixed temperatures? The answer lies in designing a Carnot refrigerator.
Since the individual steps in a Carnot cycle can be reversed, the entire cycle is, thus, reversible. If a Carnot cycle is reversed, it becomes a Carnot refrigerator. It extracts heat Qc from a cold reservoir at...
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Path Between Thermodynamics States01:21

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Consider the two thermodynamic processes involving an ideal gas that are represented by paths AC and ABC in Figure 1:
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Statements of the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:15

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The second law of thermodynamics can be stated in several different ways, and all of them can be shown to imply the others. The Clausius’ statement of the second law of thermodynamics is based on the irreversibility of spontaneous heat flow. It states that heat will not flow from the colder body to the hotter body unless some other process is involved. Additionally, as per the Kelvin’s statement, it is impossible to convert the heat from a single source into work without any other...
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Efficiency of The Carnot Cycle01:16

Efficiency of The Carnot Cycle

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The hypothetical Carnot cycle consists of an ideal gas subjected to two isothermal and two adiabatic processes. Since the internal energy of an ideal gas depends only on its temperature, which is the same before and after the completion of the Carnot cycle, there is no change in its internal energy. Hence, using the first law of thermodynamics, the total heat exchanged by the ideal gas equals the total work done. Thus, we can quantify the efficiency of the Carnot cycle via the heat exchanged...
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A Modeling and Simulation Method for Preliminary Design of an Electro-Variable Displacement Pump
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Closed-loop approach to thermodynamics.

C Goupil1, H Ouerdane2,3, E Herbert1

  • 1Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, LIED/CNRS UMR 8236 Université Paris Diderot, Bât. Lamarck B 35 rue Hélène Brion 75013 Paris, France.

Physical Review. E
|October 15, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a closed-loop approach for analyzing heat engines, simplifying complex thermodynamic analysis. The feedback loop method efficiently characterizes engine performance using feedback factor and open-loop gain.

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Non-equilibrium systems
  • Heat engines

Background:

  • Linear nonequilibrium thermodynamics often involves complex analyses of heat engines.
  • Characterizing heat engine performance typically requires multiple parameters like output power and efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a closed-loop approach for analyzing generic heat engines.
  • To simplify the understanding of dissipative coupling effects on energy conversion.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a closed-loop thermodynamic analysis framework.
  • Introduced working frequency (ω) as a key parameter alongside power (P) and efficiency (η).
  • Utilized feedback factor (β) and open-loop gain (A₀) to characterize system behavior.

Main Results:

  • Established that feedback factor (β) and open-loop gain (A₀) are sufficient to understand dissipative coupling effects.
  • The product A₀β effectively characterizes the interplay between efficiency, power, and operating rate.
  • Demonstrated the versatility and efficiency of the feedback loop approach.

Conclusions:

  • The closed-loop approach offers a more economical and efficient method for studying conversion engines.
  • This framework is applicable to any conversion engine where a feedback factor can be defined.
  • Simplifies the analysis of complex thermodynamic systems through feedback control concepts.