Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

3.0K
Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
3.0K
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

4.2K
Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
4.2K
The Fluid Mosaic Model01:34

The Fluid Mosaic Model

183.0K
The fluid mosaic model was first proposed as a visual representation of research observations. The model comprises the composition and dynamics of membranes and serves as a foundation for future membrane-related studies. The model depicts the structure of the plasma membrane with a variety of components, which include phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. These integral molecules are loosely bound, defining the cell’s border and providing fluidity for optimal function.
183.0K
Polymers: Molecular Weight Distribution01:10

Polymers: Molecular Weight Distribution

5.0K
For any given polymer, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is higher than, if not equal to, the number average molecular weight (Mn). The only situation in which the weight average molecular weight and the number average molecular weight are equal is when a polymer consists only of chains with equal molecular weight. However, this never happens in a synthetic polymer, since it is difficult to control the polymerization process up to a molecular level with accuracy to a hundred percent.
5.0K
Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

4.2K
Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
4.2K
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

15.5K
Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
15.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Plateau moduli of Kremer-Grest models for commodity polymer melts.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same author

Configurational entropy of randomly double-folding ring polymers.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same author

Configurational entropy of random trees.

Physical review. E·2026
Same author

Investigating retention time and fluid dynamics of the vehicles in non-invasive topical ocular drug delivery systems.

European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences·2025
Same author

SAStutorials.org - online tutorials on small-angle scattering data analysis.

Journal of applied crystallography·2025
Same author

Amoeba Monte Carlo algorithms for random trees with controlled branching activity: Efficient trial move generation and universal dynamics.

Physical review. E·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

8.5K

Multiscale approach to equilibrating model polymer melts.

Carsten Svaneborg1, Hossein Ali Karimi-Varzaneh2, Nils Hojdis2

  • 1University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.

Physical Review. E
|October 15, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a multiscale method to efficiently equilibrate polymer melts simulated using the Kremer-Grest model. This approach ensures accurate polymer structure and dynamics across various length scales for different chain stiffnesses.

More Related Videos

Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles
08:44

Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles

Published on: March 2, 2020

11.6K
Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform PolyN-isopropylacrylamide Microgels
11:34

Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform PolyN-isopropylacrylamide Microgels

Published on: September 8, 2016

10.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

8.5K
Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles
08:44

Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles

Published on: March 2, 2020

11.6K
Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform PolyN-isopropylacrylamide Microgels
11:34

Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform PolyN-isopropylacrylamide Microgels

Published on: September 8, 2016

10.8K

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Physics
  • Computational Materials Science

Background:

  • Equilibrating polymer melts in simulations is crucial for accurate material property prediction.
  • The Kremer-Grest model is widely used but computationally intensive for equilibration.
  • Existing methods struggle with varying chain stiffness and complex architectures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present an effective and simple multiscale simulation method for polymer melt equilibration.
  • To address the challenge of equilibrating polymer melts with varying chain stiffness using the Kremer-Grest model.
  • To provide a computationally efficient approach for generating well-equilibrated polymer melt structures.

Main Methods:

  • A progressive multiscale equilibration strategy: first above tube scale, then inside tube, finally monomeric scale.
  • Utilized Monte Carlo simulated annealing on a lattice polymer model to minimize density fluctuations above the tube scale.
  • Employed Rouse dynamics with a force-capped Kremer-Grest model for equilibration below the tube scale, allowing chain interpenetration.
  • Introduced the Kremer-Grest force field to finalize topological state and monomer packing.

Main Results:

  • Successfully generated well-equilibrated polymer melts of varying chain stiffness using the multiscale method.
  • Validated the equilibration process by analyzing bulk, collective, and single-chain observables across monomeric, mesoscopic, and macroscopic scales.
  • Demonstrated the method's applicability to large systems (500-1000 chains, 10,000-15,000 beads).

Conclusions:

  • The proposed multiscale method offers an effective and computationally efficient approach for polymer melt equilibration.
  • The method is robust and adaptable for longer, branched, or polydisperse polymer chains and larger system sizes.
  • This work provides a valuable tool for accurate simulations of polymer melts in materials science research.