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Related Concept Videos

Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Radiological investigations, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, are critical for diagnosing and evaluating various medical conditions. These imaging techniques provide valuable insights into the body's internal structures, aiding in the detection of abnormalities, assessment of disease progression, and development of treatment strategies. This article delves into two primary radiological investigations, chest X-rays and CT scans, outlining their purpose, procedures, and...
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The nursing management of Mitral Valve Prolapse, or MVP, centers around patient education, symptom monitoring, and lifestyle modifications.Patient Education on MVP Diagnosis and Heredity: Nurses should provide comprehensive education about MVP, a condition where the mitral valve does not close appropriately during heartbeats. This education often includes the condition's pathophysiology, symptoms, and potential complications, like arrhythmias or mitral regurgitation. Though not fully...
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Thyroid Cancer in Pregnancy.

Sophia S Yu1, Lindsay A Bischoff1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.

Seminars in Reproductive Medicine
|October 15, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid cancer diagnosis during pregnancy requires careful management. Surgery can often be delayed until after childbirth for differentiated thyroid cancers, minimizing risks to mother and fetus.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Obstetrics

Background:

  • Thyroid cancer is often diagnosed in young women, potentially coinciding with pregnancy.
  • Pregnancy introduces unique considerations for thyroid nodule evaluation and cancer management.
  • Standard diagnostic approaches for thyroid nodules are applicable to pregnant women.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evaluation of thyroid nodules in pregnant women.
  • To discuss the management of thyroid cancer during pregnancy.
  • To address surveillance for pregnant women with a history of thyroid cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on thyroid cancer in pregnancy.
  • Analysis of diagnostic pathways for thyroid nodules in pregnant patients.

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  • Discussion of surgical and treatment timing considerations.

    • Main Results:

    • Thyroid nodule evaluation in pregnancy mirrors non-pregnant individuals, including ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration biopsy.
    • Management strategies diverge post-diagnosis, particularly concerning thyroidectomy timing and radioiodine use.
    • Differentiated thyroid cancers often permit delayed surgery to the postpartum period without impacting outcomes.

    Conclusions:

    • Pregnancy necessitates tailored thyroid cancer management, balancing maternal health, fetal well-being, and oncologic prognosis.
    • Surgical intervention timing is a key decision point, with postpartum surgery often feasible for indolent cancers.
    • Comprehensive discussion between patient and physician is crucial for personalized treatment plans.