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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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Diving into marine genomics with CRISPR/Cas9 systems.

Tsuyoshi Momose1, Jean-Paul Concordet2

  • 1Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-mer (LBDV), 181 Chemin du Lazaret, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France.

Marine Genomics
|October 16, 2016
PubMed
Summary

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 system revolutionizes genomic research, enabling functional studies across diverse organisms. This review highlights CRISPR/Cas9 applications in marine life and offers guidelines for genome editing experiments.

Keywords:
CRISPR/Cas9Functional genomicsGenome editingModel organismsNon-model organisms

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Marine Biology

Background:

  • Genome sequencing is rapidly expanding, enabling high-level biological investigations.
  • The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 system has revolutionized genome editing.
  • CRISPR-Cas9 facilitates experimental analysis of genotype-phenotype relationships and genome features.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the CRISPR-Cas9 toolbox and genome editing strategies.
  • To review initial applications of CRISPR-Cas9 in marine organisms.
  • To offer guidelines and discuss challenges for genome editing in marine environments.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on CRISPR-Cas9 technology and applications.
  • Analysis of case studies in marine organisms and common laboratory models.
  • Discussion of experimental design and specific challenges for marine species.

Main Results:

  • CRISPR-Cas9 enables functional genomics studies, including gene networks, genome organization, non-coding sequences, and microRNAs.
  • Early applications demonstrate the utility of CRISPR-Cas9 in marine organisms.
  • Guidelines and considerations for designing genome editing experiments in marine settings are presented.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR-Cas9 is a powerful tool for exploring genotype-phenotype relationships in a wide range of organisms.
  • The technology holds significant promise for advancing marine biology research.
  • Future directions include base editing and transcriptional reprogramming using CRISPR-Cas9.