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Updates in the Management of Cephalosporin-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria

Andre Arizpe1, Kelly R Reveles1,2, Shrina D Patel3

  • 1College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.

Current Infectious Disease Reports
|October 16, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Antimicrobial resistance to cephalosporins and carbapenems is rising in Gram-negative infections. Novel agents and carbapenem-sparing options like cefepime offer alternatives for multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Increasing resistance to cephalosporins and carbapenems in Gram-negative bacterial infections (Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) is a significant public health concern.
  • Rising carbapenem resistance necessitates exploring alternative treatment strategies to preserve carbapenem efficacy.

Approach:

  • Review of recent literature on carbapenem-sparing antimicrobial agents.
  • Evaluation of novel beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations for treating multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections.

Key Points:

  • Cefepime and piperacillin-tazobactam are increasingly used as carbapenem-sparing alternatives.
  • Novel agents like ceftolozane-tazobactam and ceftazidime-avibactam expand treatment options.
  • Effective management of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections requires strategic antimicrobial selection.

Conclusions:

  • Carbapenem-sparing alternatives and novel antimicrobial combinations are crucial in combating rising resistance.
  • Further research and clinical application of these agents are vital for preserving treatment efficacy against challenging Gram-negative pathogens.
Keywords:
CarbapenemCefepimeCeftazidime-avibactamCeftolozane-tazobactamExtended-spectrum β-lactamasePiperacillin-tazobactamPseudomonas aeruginosa

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