Surgical treatment of grade III gynaecomastia

Gross enlargement of the male breast with skin redundancy and ptosis cannot be effectively managed by subcutaneous mastectomy alone. A technique is described in which the excess breast tissue and skin are excised along a design which allows the nipple-areolar complex, mounted on a vertical deepithelialised pedicle, to lie in a natural position. A horizontal scar is an unavoidable exchange for this particular operation.