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Approaching behavior reduces gender differences in the mental rotation performance.

Petra Jansen1, Sandra Kaltner2, Daniel Memmert3

  • 1Institute of Sport Science, University of Regensburg, Universitystreet 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany. petra.jansen@ur.de.

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Embodied behavior, like approaching or avoiding, impacts mental rotation performance. Approaching actions reduce gender differences in visual-spatial tasks, especially for females.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Embodied Cognition
  • Human Behavior

Background:

  • Mental rotation is a key visual-spatial ability.
  • Gender differences in mental rotation performance are well-documented.
  • Embodied cognition suggests actions influence cognitive processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of approaching vs. avoiding behaviors on mental rotation performance.
  • To examine how gender and task difficulty interact with these embodied behaviors.
  • To explore potential mechanisms, such as motivation, underlying observed effects.

Main Methods:

  • A chronometric mental rotation task was administered to 65 participants (35 female, 30 male).
  • Participants were assigned to either an approaching or avoiding behavioral condition, manipulating arm position.
  • Reaction times and accuracy were measured across varying task difficulties.

Main Results:

  • The approaching condition eliminated gender differences in reaction time and reduced them in accuracy for difficult tasks.
  • The avoiding condition replicated known gender differences in both reaction time and accuracy.
  • Approaching behavior significantly enhanced visual-spatial performance in females.

Conclusions:

  • Embodied approaching behavior can mitigate gender disparities in mental rotation.
  • Avoidance behavior may exacerbate existing gender differences in visual-spatial tasks.
  • Motivation and embodied actions warrant further investigation in cognitive performance research.