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Related Concept Videos

Panic Disorder01:27

Panic Disorder

978
Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and sudden minutes-long episodes of intense fear, known as panic attacks. These attacks may feel like heart attacks and often happen without warning or a specific cause. They can include symptoms such as rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, chest pain, trembling, sweating, dizziness, and a sense of helplessness. During a panic attack, individuals may feel as though they are experiencing a heart attack or are in a...
978

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Multiplexed Isothermal Amplification Based Diagnostic Platform to Detect Zika, Chikungunya, and Dengue 1
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Navigating the Zika panic.

Nathan D Grubaugh1, Kristian G Andersen2

  • 1Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.

F1000Research
|October 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Zika virus outbreaks in the Americas may be driven by environmental factors, not new virus strains. Severe disease associations may have been previously overlooked, not a novel viral trait.

Keywords:
Brazil Olympics 2016Zika virusantibody-dependent enhancementarbovirusmicrocephalyvirus emergence

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Emerging infectious diseases like Ebola and Zika highlight global unpreparedness for epidemics.
  • Hypothesized links between Zika virus and severe neurological conditions, such as microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome, require rigorous investigation.
  • Limited historical research on Zika virus complicates understanding its epidemic drivers and associated pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing literature on Zika virus to determine the causes of recent epidemics in the Americas.
  • To assess whether observed severe neurological diseases are novel features of American Zika virus strains or previously unrecognized manifestations.
  • To evaluate the risk of Zika virus transmission during the Olympic Games in Brazil.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications on Zika virus.
  • Comparative analysis of American Zika virus strains against those from other regions.
  • Assessment of environmental and demographic factors potentially influencing epidemic scale.
  • Evaluation of epidemiological data and projections related to the Olympic Games.

Main Results:

  • No conclusive evidence of significant biological differences between American and other Zika virus strains was found.
  • Factors such as climate, dense populations, and prior exposure to other viruses may facilitate epidemic spread in the Americas.
  • Severe Zika virus-associated diseases might be due to increased detection in larger outbreaks rather than new viral characteristics.
  • The predicted number of new Zika virus infections linked to the Olympics is minimal, with no substantial impact on overall epidemic spread.

Conclusions:

  • The current Zika virus epidemic in the Americas is likely driven by environmental and population factors, not by novel viral mutations.
  • Severe neurological manifestations associated with Zika virus may have been previously underreported due to smaller outbreak sizes.
  • Decisions regarding outbreak response should be based on robust scientific evidence, avoiding speculation.
  • The risk of widespread Zika virus transmission from the Olympic Games is considered low.