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Related Concept Videos

Pericarditis III: Medical Management01:17

Pericarditis III: Medical Management

474
The primary objectives of managing pericarditis are to determine the underlying cause, provide effective therapy for treatment and symptom relief, and promptly detect signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade. The following outlines the essential aspects of medical management for pericarditis:ObjectivesDetermine the Cause: Identifying the underlying cause of pericarditis is crucial for targeted treatment. Causes include viral infections, autoimmune diseases, post-cardiac injury syndrome, and...
474
Pericarditis I: Introduction01:22

Pericarditis I: Introduction

560
Pericarditis is defined as the inflammation of the pericardium, the thin, sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can cause significant chest pain and other symptoms, often necessitating medical intervention. The pericardium has two layers: the inner visceral layer and the outer parietal layer, separated by a small amount of fluid that reduces friction during heartbeats.Types of PericarditisPericarditis can be classified into several types based on the duration and nature of the...
560
Myocarditis III: Medical Management01:14

Myocarditis III: Medical Management

296
Myocarditis: Comprehensive Medical ManagementMyocarditis, the heart muscle inflammation, requires a comprehensive medical management strategy that addresses the underlying cause, provides supportive care, manages symptoms, and reduces cardiac workload.Infections and Autoimmune CausesAdminister appropriate antimicrobial therapy when an infectious agent causes myocarditis. For instance, penicillin treats infections caused by Group A Streptococcus. In cases where autoimmune processes are...
296
Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

451
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
451
Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

Atherosclerosis III: Management

556
Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
556
Pericarditis IV: Nursing Management01:25

Pericarditis IV: Nursing Management

516
Pericarditis, an inflammation of the pericardium, necessitates diligent nursing management to ensure effective patient care and recovery. The initial step in managing pericarditis is a comprehensive patient medical assessment.The patient reports chest pain aggravated by breathing, coughing, and swallowing, which worsens when lying supine. The pain often improves when sitting up and leaning forward. Additional symptoms may include fever, malaise, and, in severe cases, signs of heart failure.
516

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Left Atrial Stenosis Induced Pulmonary Venous Arterialization and Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat
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Takayasu arteritis: an update.

Emire Seyahi1

  • 1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey.

Current Opinion in Rheumatology
|October 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Takayasu arteritis is increasingly prevalent worldwide, affecting diverse ethnicities. Advances in imaging and biologics offer new treatment options, though risks from interventions persist.

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Inflammation
  • Autoimmune Diseases
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Takayasu arteritis, once considered rare and Far-Eastern, is now recognized globally with rising prevalence.
  • Understanding disease patterns in different demographics (e.g., sex-based differences in aortic involvement) and comorbidities like inflammatory bowel disease is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding and management of Takayasu arteritis.
  • To highlight advancements in diagnostic imaging and therapeutic strategies.
  • To identify future research directions for improved patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on Takayasu arteritis epidemiology, clinical presentation, and management.
  • Analysis of novel diagnostic modalities including advanced imaging techniques.

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  • Evaluation of emerging biological therapies and interventional outcomes.

    • Main Results:

    • Takayasu arteritis affects all ethnicities, challenging its 'rare disease' status.
    • Distinct patterns of aortic involvement observed between males and females; pregnancy poses significant risks.
    • New imaging tools (CT, MRI, PET-CT, CEUS) aid diagnosis and inflammation assessment.
    • Biological agents (anti-TNF, tocilizumab, rituximab) show promise for refractory cases.
    • Mortality rates are declining, but risks of restenosis and occlusion post-intervention remain high.

    Conclusions:

    • Clarifying the ethio-pathogenesis of Takayasu arteritis is essential.
    • Differentiating active inflammation from quiescent disease is key for targeted and effective treatment strategies.
    • Continued research into pathogenesis and advanced therapies is needed to further improve patient management and outcomes.