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Related Concept Videos

Membrane Fluidity01:23

Membrane Fluidity

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Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.
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Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
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A key characteristic of life is the ability to separate the external environment from the internal space. To do this, cells have evolved semi-permeable membranes that regulate the passage of biological molecules. Additionally, the cell membrane defines a cell’s shape and interactions with the external environment. Eukaryotic cell membranes also serve to compartmentalize the internal space into organelles, including the endomembrane structures of the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum and...
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A cell's plasma membrane demarcates the cell's borders and determines the nature of its interaction with the environment. Cells exclude certain substances, take in others, and excrete some others in controlled quantities. The plasma membrane must be flexible to allow certain cells, such as red and white blood cells, to change their shape while passing through narrow capillaries. These are the more obvious plasma membrane functions. In addition, the plasma membrane's surface carries...
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The membrane domains concentrate specific lipids and proteins at one place within the membrane, which helps in cell signaling, adhesion, and other critical cellular processes. These domains can differ in size, composition, function, and lifespan.
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Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers
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Structural and conformational determinants of macrocycle cell permeability.

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Designing cell-permeable macrocycles for drug development is challenging. This study reveals key molecular properties and conformational insights to rationally design macrocycles with improved cell permeability and oral absorption potential.

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Area of Science:

  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Chemical Biology
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Macrocycles are promising drug candidates for challenging targets like protein-protein interactions.
  • However, their cell permeability and oral absorption properties remain poorly understood, hindering rational design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify key molecular determinants influencing cell permeability in non-peptidic macrocycles.
  • To develop a rational approach for designing cell-permeable macrocycles with oral absorption potential.

Main Methods:

  • Generated an extensive dataset of over 200 de novo-designed macrocycles.
  • Analyzed structure-permeability relationships, including functional groups, substituents, and molecular properties.
  • Utilized conformational analysis of energy-minimized structures to link 3D dynamics to physicochemical properties and permeability.

Main Results:

  • Identified specific functional groups, substituents, and molecular properties that significantly impact cell permeability.
  • Revealed how dynamic intramolecular interactions in macrocycle conformations correlate with physicochemical properties and permeability.
  • Established a quantitative structure-permeability model.

Conclusions:

  • Provides the first rational approach for designing cell-permeable non-peptidic macrocycles.
  • Enables improved drug design strategies for macrocyclic therapeutics with potential for oral administration.