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Related Concept Videos

Unit Cells01:18

Unit Cells

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A crystal's internal structure is an orderly array of atoms, ions, or molecules, and the details of this array significantly influence the solid's properties. In a crystal, periodically repeating 'structural motifs' - which could be atoms, molecules, or groups thereof - create a 'space lattice.' This is essentially a three-dimensional, infinite array of points, each surrounded by its neighbors in an identical way, forming the basic structure of the crystal.A 'unit cell' is a theoretical...
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Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

44
Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects01:25

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects

34
A perfect crystal, in theory, has a uniform structure with the same unit cell and lattice points throughout. However, any deviation from this periodic arrangement is known as an imperfection or defect. These defects can be categorized into three types: point, line, and plane defects.Point defects occur when there is a deviation from the ideal due to missing atoms, displaced atoms, or additional atoms. These imperfections might occur due to imperfect packing during crystallization or because of...
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Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
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Chain Vacancies in 2D Crystals.

Jiong Zhao1,2, Honggi Nam1,3, Thuc Hue Ly1,2

  • 1Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, South Korea.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|October 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary

One-dimensional connected vacancies are stable in 2D materials at room temperature, unlike in bulk crystals. These vacancy chains in 2D semiconductors influence electronic properties and offer new engineering opportunities.

Keywords:
ab initioblack phosphoroustransition metal dichalcogenidetransmission electron microscopyvacancy defects

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Defects like vacancies are crucial in semiconductor electrical transport.
  • In bulk materials, individual vacancies are typically more stable than aggregated ones.
  • Reduced dimensionality in 2D materials alters defect stability, challenging conventional understanding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the stability of aggregated vacancies in van der Waals 2D materials.
  • Determine the preferred crystallographic orientation of vacancy chains.
  • Explore the electronic impact of these ordered vacancy structures.

Main Methods:

  • Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for direct observation of vacancy structures.
  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations for electronic property prediction.
  • Analysis of different 2D materials including MoS2, WS2, MoTe2, and black phosphorus.

Main Results:

  • Reported the energetic stability of 1D connected/aggregated vacancies in 2D materials at room temperature.
  • Observed preferential alignment directions for vacancy chains: 〈2¯11〉 in MoS2/WS2 and 〈1¯10〉 in MoTe2.
  • Identified strain effects near chalcogen vacancies as the cause for directional differences.
  • Black phosphorus shows directional double-chain vacancies along the 〈01〉 direction.
  • DFT predicts chain vacancies create extended conductive states within the band gap.

Conclusions:

  • 1D vacancy chains are energetically favorable in 2D materials, contrasting bulk behavior.
  • The observed vacancy chain orientations are material-dependent, influenced by strain.
  • Chain vacancies act as conductive pathways, explaining n-type behavior in MoTe2 devices.
  • Offers a new avenue for electronic structure engineering in 2D materials.