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Anomalous Putamen Volume in Children With Complex Motor Stereotypies.

E Mark Mahone1, Deana Crocetti2, Laura Tochen3

  • 1Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.

Pediatric Neurology
|October 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Children with primary complex motor stereotypies show reduced putamen volume. This suggests the habitual pathway, involving the putamen, may underlie these repetitive movements.

Keywords:
childhoodgoal-directed behaviorshabitual behaviorsmotor stereotypiesmovement disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Behavioral Neurology

Background:

  • Complex motor stereotypies (CMS) are repetitive, purposeless movements seen in typically developing children and those with secondary conditions.
  • These movements are hypothesized to involve premotor to posterior putamen circuits, suggesting a habitual behavior basis.
  • Understanding the neurobiology of primary CMS is crucial for identifying underlying abnormalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neurobiologic basis of primary complex motor stereotypies (CMS) in children.
  • To utilize structural neuroimaging to examine brain regions implicated in habitual behaviors.
  • To clarify the underlying neuroanatomic abnormality in children with primary CMS.

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution 3.0 Tesla anatomic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used.
  • The study included 20 children with primary CMS and 20 typically developing controls, aged 8-12 years.
  • Delineation and volumetric analysis of frontal lobe subregions and striatal structures were performed.

Main Results:

  • Children with primary CMS exhibited significantly reduced total putamen volume compared to controls (P=0.045).
  • No significant differences were found in caudate, nucleus accumbens, or frontal subregion volumes between groups.
  • Total cerebral volume did not differ between the stereotypies group and the control group.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced putamen volume in children with primary CMS provides preliminary evidence for the involvement of the habitual pathway.
  • These findings suggest the putamen, a key component of the habitual pathway, may be the underlying anatomic site for primary CMS.
  • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the neurobiological mechanisms of primary CMS.