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Shared linguistic features between African American English (AAE) and Standard American English (SAE) are more effective for identifying language disorders in AAE-speaking children. Contrastive features showed fewer significant differences between groups.

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Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Speech-Language Pathology

Background:

  • Identifying language disorders in children requires understanding linguistic variations.
  • African American English (AAE) shares features with Standard American English (SAE), complicating diagnosis.
  • Distinguishing language disorders from dialectal variations is crucial for accurate assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the diagnostic salience of shared (noncontrastive) versus unshared (contrastive) linguistic features in identifying language disorders in children with AAE backgrounds.
  • To compare syntactic feature production in children with language disorders (LD) and without language disorders (NLD) from an AAE-speaking background.

Main Methods:

  • Transcribed conversational language samples from seven LD and seven NLD children speaking AAE.
  • Classified syntactic features based on their overlap with SAE: noncontrastive (shared) and contrastive (unshared).
  • Analyzed group differences in the production of these features.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences were observed between LD and NLD groups in the production of several noncontrastive linguistic features.
  • No significant group differences were found for most contrastive features.
  • An exception was noted for the past tense /ed/ morpheme, where group differences were significant.

Conclusions:

  • Noncontrastive features between AAE and SAE are more diagnostically informative for identifying language disorders in AAE-speaking children.
  • Contrastive features are less reliable indicators of language disorders in this population, with the past tense /ed/ morpheme being a notable exception.
  • Assessment tools and strategies should consider the differential diagnostic value of noncontrastive and contrastive features in AAE.