Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 14, 2025

Effect of Male Accessory Gland Products on Egg Laying in Gastropod Molluscs
Published on: June 22, 2014
PAPPA's role in female reproduction.
Pappalysins (PAPPA and PAPPA2) are key enzymes in female reproduction, influencing fertility, pregnancy, and fetal development. They show promise as biomarkers for oocyte and embryo quality, and pregnancy complications.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Biology
- Biochemistry
- Genetics
Background:
- Pappalysin 1 and 2 (PAPPA and PAPPA2) are metalloproteinases regulating insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) in reproductive tissues.
- These enzymes are crucial for female fecundity, playing roles in ovarian function, endometrial receptivity, and placental development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the expression, localization, regulation, and function of PAPPA and PAPPA2 in the female reproductive tract across multiple species.
- To explore the potential of PAPPA and PAPPA2 as biomarkers for oocyte and embryo quality, fetal development, and pregnancy conditions.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on pappalysins in female reproduction.
- Analysis of expression patterns and functional roles in various reproductive stages and species.
Main Results:
- PAPPA is involved in follicular development, oocyte maturation, and endometrial receptivity.
- PAPPA and PAPPA2 are essential for normal fetal development and placental function.
- PAPPA shows potential as a biomarker for oocyte/embryo quality, aneuploidies, and ectopic pregnancies.
Conclusions:
- Pappalysins are vital for female reproductive health and successful pregnancy.
- PAPPA and PAPPA2 represent promising biomarkers for assessing reproductive outcomes and diagnosing pregnancy-related complications.
More Related Videos
05:55Stable Isotope In-Vivo Labeling for Mass-Spectrometry Identification of Paternal Metabolites Transferred from Sperm to Oocyte During Fertilization
Published on: June 17, 2025
17:41Mass Production of Genetically Modified Aedes aegypti for Field Releases in Brazil
Published on: January 4, 2014
Related Concept Videos
Spermatogenesis
Gonadal and Placental Hormones
In males, testosterone is the primary gonadal androgen. It plays a central role in the maturation of male reproductive organs — the penis and testes. Additionally, testosterone is instrumental in the development of secondary sexual characteristics — a deep voice as well as facial and pubic hair...
Overview of the Reproductive System
The gonads, or primary reproductive organs, produce gametes and sex hormones. In males, the testes produce spermatozoa and testosterone, which is responsible for developing secondary male sex characteristics, including a deeper voice, larger muscles, facial and body...
Fertilization
Development of the Sexual Organs in the Embryo and Fetus
Near the gonadal ridges, two duct systems are present: the mesonephric ducts (Wolffian ducts) and paramesonephric ducts (Müllerian ducts). These ducts form the basis for the...
Parental Care