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Southern Blot

Southern Blot

Agarose gel electrophoresis is very useful in separating DNA fragments by size. Running a DNA ladder containing fragments of the known length alongside the sample helps determine the approximate length of the sample DNA fragments. However, additional steps are needed to verify the sequence identity of the sample DNA fragments.
Denatured DNA fragments must be transferred onto a carrier membrane from the gel to make it accessible to a probe - a small ssDNA fragment complementary to the target DNA...

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Western Blotting

Western blotting is an analytical technique for protein identification. It has various applications in immunology and medicine, including detecting diseases like bovine spongiform encephalopathy, mad cow disease, and human and feline immunodeficiency virus from biological samples.
The technique begins with separating proteins from the sample using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), followed by protein transfer, immunoblotting, and finally, protein detection.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster

Published on: August 21, 2014

Northern Blotting Techniques for Small RNAs.

¹Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR2357, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, Strasbourg Cedex, 67084, USA. todd.blevins@ibmp-cnrs.unistra.fr.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|October 23, 2016

Summary

Northern blotting is a key technique for detecting small RNAs involved in gene silencing and defense mechanisms. This method demonstrates high specificity and sensitivity in analyzing small RNA populations across diverse plant and animal species.

Keywords:

Northern blot RNA hybridization RNA silencing Small RNA miRNA siRNA

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Last Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster

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Published on: August 21, 2014

RNA Blot Analysis for the Detection and Quantification of Plant MicroRNAs

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Published on: July 11, 2020

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Published on: September 30, 2016

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Biochemistry

Background:

Cells utilize RNA-directed mechanisms for defense and gene regulation.
Small RNAs (~19-25 nucleotides) are central to these processes, mediating target recognition via base-pairing.
Understanding small RNA detection is crucial for studying gene silencing pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe and validate northern blot hybridization techniques for small RNA detection.
To assess the specificity and sensitivity of DNA oligonucleotide probes for small RNA analysis.
To illustrate the application of northern blotting in dissecting small RNA biogenesis.

Main Methods:

Northern blot hybridization using DNA oligonucleotide probes.
Analysis of synthetic small RNA standards for specificity and sensitivity assessment.
Detection of endogenous small RNAs in various plant and animal model systems.

Main Results:

Demonstrated high specificity and sensitivity of DNA oligonucleotide probes in detecting small RNAs.
Successfully analyzed endogenous small RNAs from model organisms including Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana benthamiana, Oryza sativa, Zea mays, Physcomitrella patens, Drosophila melanogaster, and Mus musculus.
Illustrated the utility of northern blotting in understanding small RNA biogenesis during viral infection in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Conclusions:

Northern blotting is a reliable and effective method for the detection and analysis of small RNAs.
The technique is applicable across a broad range of biological systems, facilitating research in gene silencing and RNA biology.
Northern blotting provides valuable insights into the dynamics of small RNA biogenesis and function.