Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Expansion and Contraction in Masonry Walls01:19

Expansion and Contraction in Masonry Walls

1.4K
Masonry walls are subject to slight expansion and contraction due to variations in temperature and moisture. Thermal movement in masonry is relatively straightforward to measure and plan for. On the other hand, moisture movement poses more of a challenge. New clay masonry units typically absorb water and expand over time under normal environmental conditions. Conversely, new concrete masonry units tend to shrink as they lose the excess moisture acquired during their production process.
To...
1.4K
Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

8.0K
Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
8.0K
Space-Time Curvature and the General Theory of Relativity01:17

Space-Time Curvature and the General Theory of Relativity

4.9K
In 1905, Albert Einstein published his special theory of relativity. According to this theory, no matter in the universe can attain a speed greater than the speed of light in a vacuum, which thus serves as the speed limit of the universe.
This has been verified in many experiments. However, space and time are no longer absolute. Two observers moving relative to one another do not agree on the length of objects or the passage of time. The mechanics of objects based on Newton's laws of...
4.9K
Factors Influencing Attraction I: Proximity01:22

Factors Influencing Attraction I: Proximity

328
Proximity plays a fundamental role in shaping interpersonal attraction by increasing opportunities for interaction and fostering familiarity. Research consistently demonstrates that individuals are more likely to form social bonds with those who are physically closer to them, whether in residential settings, workplaces, or educational institutions. This effect is largely driven by the increased frequency of encounters, which facilitates the development of friendships and romantic...
328
Thermal Expansion01:22

Thermal Expansion

5.9K
The expansion of alcohol in a thermometer is one of many commonly encountered examples of thermal expansion, which is the change in size or volume of a given system as its temperature changes. The most visible example is the expansion of hot air. When air is heated, it expands and becomes less dense than the surrounding air, which then exerts an upward force on the hot air to, for example, make steam and smoke rise, and hot air balloons float. The same behavior happens in all liquids and gases,...
5.9K
Related Rates01:18

Related Rates

149
When two or more physical quantities are linked by a single relationship, a change in one variable necessarily affects the others. This interdependence forms the basis of related rates analysis, which examines how different quantities change with respect to time. A classic physical example is an expanding balloon, where the size of the balloon changes continuously as air is added.For a hot air balloon, the inflated envelope is commonly idealized as a perfect sphere to simplify mathematical...
149

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Erratum: Combining patient-lesion and big data approaches to reveal hippocampal contributions to spatial memory and navigation.

iScience·2024
Same author

Combining patient-lesion and big data approaches to reveal hippocampal contributions to spatial memory and navigation.

iScience·2024
Same author

Using games to understand the mind.

Nature human behaviour·2024
Same author

Multiple memory systems for efficient temporal order memory.

Hippocampus·2023
Same author

Quantifying the narrative flow of imagined versus autobiographical stories.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2022
Same author

Predicting real world spatial disorientation in Alzheimer's disease patients using virtual reality navigation tests.

Scientific reports·2022
Same journal

Opioid-Associated Hippocampal Injury: Past, Present, and Future Directions.

Hippocampus·2026
Same journal

Neural and Navigational Features Influencing the Novelty Induced Benefits on Episodic Memory.

Hippocampus·2026
Same journal

Intrinsic Persistent Firing in CA1 Encodes Elapsed Time Across Behaviorally Relevant Scales.

Hippocampus·2026
Same journal

Boundary Vector Cells Encode a Future-Biased Spectrum of Positions in the Rat.

Hippocampus·2026
Same journal

Hippocampal NOP Receptor Activation Impairs Object Recognition Memory Acquisition.

Hippocampus·2026
Same journal

Effects of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor 1 Receptor Antagonism on In Vivo Dentate Gyrus Long-Term Potentiation in the TgF344-AD Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

Hippocampus·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

11.4K

Familiarity expands space and contracts time.

Anna Jafarpour1, Hugo Spiers2

  • 1Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Psychology Department, University of California, Berkeley, California.

Hippocampus
|November 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Familiarity with an environment expands mental maps of space but shortens perceived travel time. This suggests separate cognitive processes for spatial and temporal representations, challenging the unified cognitive map theory.

Keywords:
grid cellshuman spatial navigationsketch-mapstime cellstime estimation

More Related Videos

Observing the Transformation of Bodily Self-consciousness in the Squeeze-machine Experiment
07:20

Observing the Transformation of Bodily Self-consciousness in the Squeeze-machine Experiment

Published on: March 8, 2019

14.4K
Quantifying Cognitive Decrements Caused by Cranial Radiotherapy
10:10

Quantifying Cognitive Decrements Caused by Cranial Radiotherapy

Published on: October 18, 2011

13.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 13, 2026

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

11.4K
Observing the Transformation of Bodily Self-consciousness in the Squeeze-machine Experiment
07:20

Observing the Transformation of Bodily Self-consciousness in the Squeeze-machine Experiment

Published on: March 8, 2019

14.4K
Quantifying Cognitive Decrements Caused by Cranial Radiotherapy
10:10

Quantifying Cognitive Decrements Caused by Cranial Radiotherapy

Published on: October 18, 2011

13.1K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Spatial cognition

Background:

  • Human spatial and temporal judgments are often inaccurate and systematically distorted.
  • Understanding the mental representation of space and time is crucial for cognitive science.
  • Rodent grid cells offer insights into environmental familiarity and spatial navigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how environmental familiarity affects spatial representations and time estimations.
  • To test the hypothesis that familiarity expands spatial representations.
  • To determine if time and space representations are distorted in the same direction based on familiarity.

Main Methods:

  • International students sketched maps of their college district in London.
  • Participants estimated travel times to various destinations within the district.
  • Students marked their daily walking routes to assess familiarity.
  • Spatial estimates were compared with travel time estimates based on familiarity.

Main Results:

  • Familiarity led to an expansion in the estimated size of sketched space.
  • Conversely, familiarity resulted in a contraction of estimated travel time.
  • These findings indicate dissociable effects of familiarity on space and time perception.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental familiarity differentially impacts spatial and temporal cognitive maps.
  • Space and time representations are not solely reliant on a single, unified cognitive map.
  • The study reveals distinct neural or cognitive mechanisms underlying spatial and temporal estimations.