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Paternal age and psychiatric disorders: A review.

Hilde de Kluiver1,2, Jacobine E Buizer-Voskamp3, Conor V Dolan1,2

  • 1Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics : the Official Publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics
|October 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Advanced paternal age is linked to increased risks of autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia in offspring. While several hypotheses exist, the exact mechanisms connecting paternal age and psychiatric disorders require further investigation.

Keywords:
autism spectrum disorderbipolar disorderepidemiological evidencepaternal age effectschizophrenia

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatric Genetics
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Paternal age at childbearing has been hypothesized to influence offspring psychiatric disorders.
  • Existing research suggests potential links between advanced paternal age and conditions like autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review epidemiological studies on the association between paternal age and psychiatric disorders in offspring.
  • To discuss proposed hypotheses explaining the paternal age effect on psychiatric conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of epidemiological studies.
  • Analysis of hypotheses including de novo mutation, epigenetic alterations, selection into late fatherhood, and environmental resources.

Main Results:

  • Advanced paternal age shows the most robust association with autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia.
  • Some studies indicate a monotonic risk increase with paternal age, while others show a sharp increase at specific age thresholds.

Conclusions:

  • The de novo mutation and selection into late fatherhood hypotheses are supported by some evidence.
  • The precise mechanisms linking advanced paternal age to psychiatric disorders in offspring remain unclear and require further research.