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Archaea, named after the Archaean eon, represent a unique domain of life, distinct from bacteria and eukaryotes, with remarkable traits. Their cellular and molecular features, ecological adaptability, and industrial relevance highlight their importance in understanding life processes and leveraging biotechnology.Cellular and Molecular CharacteristicsA defining feature of archaea is their unique membrane composition. Archaeal membranes contain ether-linked isoprenoid lipids, which confer...
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The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
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Extremozymes from Marine Actinobacteria.

J Suriya1, S Bharathiraja2, M Krishnan1

  • 1School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extremophiles are microorganisms thriving in extreme environments, producing stable extremozymes with diverse industrial applications. Further research and novel techniques will unlock their full potential.

Keywords:
Barophilic enzymesExtremophilesExtremozymesHalophilic enzymesMarine actinobacteriaThermophilic enzymes

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Area of Science:

  • Marine microbiology
  • Biotechnology
  • Enzymology

Background:

  • Extremophiles are microorganisms adapted to survive harsh environmental conditions like extreme temperature, pH, pressure, and salinity.
  • These organisms produce extremozymes, biocatalysts that function optimally under extreme conditions.
  • Extremozymes possess unique properties making them valuable for various industrial applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the potential of extremozymes derived from marine extremophiles.
  • To emphasize the limited exploration of extremozymes to date.
  • To discuss the role of novel cultivation and genetic techniques in advancing the application of extremozymes.

Main Methods:

  • Screening of marine microorganisms for extremophilic traits.
  • Cultivation and production of extremophiles using novel techniques.
  • Cloning and overexpression of extremozyme genes in suitable expression systems.

Main Results:

  • Identification of microorganisms capable of thriving in extreme marine environments.
  • Characterization of extremozymes with high stability and activity under harsh conditions.
  • Demonstration of the potential for large-scale production of extremozymes.

Conclusions:

  • Marine extremophiles are a promising source of industrially relevant extremozymes.
  • Advancements in cultivation and genetic engineering are crucial for harnessing extremozyme potential.
  • Extremozymes offer significant opportunities for the chemical, food, and pharmaceutical industries.