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RNA Structure

RNA Structure

RNA Structure

RNA Structure

The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...

RNA Structure

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...

Types of RNA

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...

Types of RNA

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...

Types of RNA

Types of RNA

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Mapping RNA-RNA Interactions Globally Using Biotinylated Psoralen

Mapping RNA-RNA Interactions Globally Using Biotinylated Psoralen

Published on: May 24, 2017

Topological language for RNA.

Fenix W D Huang¹, Christian M Reidys¹

¹Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech, Virginia Tech, United States.

Mathematical Biosciences

|November 7, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces RNAFeatures*, a novel grammar for RNA structures, including complex pseudoknots. It enables efficient sampling and analysis of RNA folding, aiding in understanding RNA function.

Keywords:

Context-free grammar Fatgraph RNA pseudoknot structure Stochastic context-free grammar Topological RNA structure

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Last Updated: Mar 13, 2026

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Published on: May 24, 2017

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Published on: July 9, 2021

Area of Science:

Computational Biology
Bioinformatics
RNA Structure Prediction

Background:

RNA molecules perform diverse functions, often dictated by complex three-dimensional structures.
Predicting and analyzing these structures, especially those with pseudoknots, remains a significant challenge in molecular biology.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce RNAFeatures*, a novel context-free grammar for generating all RNA structures, including pseudoknots.
To develop a framework for stochastic grammar generation, enabling efficient sampling and statistical analysis of pseudoknotted RNA structures.

Main Methods:

Representing pseudoknotted structures as orientable fatgraphs, filtered by topological genus.
Extending existing secondary structure grammars with enhanced symbol and production rule labelings.
Developing an O(n log n) runtime algorithm for sampling pseudoknotted structures.

Main Results:

RNAFeatures* can generate any RNA structure, including pseudoknots, by acting on arc-labeled secondary structures (λ-structures).
The grammar facilitates the creation of stochastic context-free grammars for pseudoknotted structures.
A new algorithm efficiently samples pseudoknotted structures from biological data.

Conclusions:

RNAFeatures* provides a powerful and flexible grammar for RNA structure analysis, encompassing pseudoknots.
The developed methods enable fast Boltzmann sampling and statistical analysis of complex RNA folding.
This work advances the computational prediction and understanding of diverse RNA structures.