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Related Concept Videos

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Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
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Dehumanization: its operations and its origins.

Robert Mark Simpson1

  • 1Department of Philosophy, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia.

Journal of Law and the Biosciences
|October 25, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Murrow and Murrow

Keywords:
dehumanizationhate speechidentity prejudice

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Philosophy of Law

Background:

  • Dehumanization involves reduced empathy and non-conscious judgments.
  • Identity-based hate speech is a proposed cause of dehumanization.
  • Existing accounts of hate speech's harms are debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine Murrow and Murrow's account of how hate speech causes dehumanization.
  • To distinguish between the nature of prejudice harm and hate speech's contribution to harm.
  • To assess the implications of Murrow and Murrow's account for anti-hate speech law.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of philosophical and psychological theories.
  • Distinction between types of harm accounts.
  • Evaluation of Murrow and Murrow's synthesis of neurological and psychological data.

Main Results:

  • Murrow and Murrow's account primarily describes the nature of harm from prejudice, not hate speech's causal role.
  • The proposed distinction clarifies different theoretical approaches to prejudice and hate speech.
  • Accounts focusing on the nature of harm have limited bearing on legal justifications for restricting hate speech.

Conclusions:

  • Murrow and Murrow's model explains the effects of dehumanized views but not the genesis via hate speech.
  • A clearer distinction between harm types is necessary for understanding hate speech's impact.
  • Legal justifications for anti-hate speech measures require distinct theoretical grounding.