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Gender differences in first onset Schizophrenia spectrum psychoses.

Sanni Talonen1, Juha Väänänen2, Riittakerttu Kaltiala-Heino1,2

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Adolescent girls diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders showed more mood symptoms and family adversities, while boys presented with aggression and substance abuse. These gender differences in early psychosis presentation require tailored clinical attention.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Adolescent Health
  • Mental Health Research

Background:

  • Gender disparities in mental health emerge during adolescence.
  • Existing research lacks clarity on gender-specific symptom presentation in early schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
  • Potential biases in professional assessment may influence diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gender-based differences in symptom profiles among adolescents with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders (F20-29).
  • To examine gender variations in family adversities, pathways to care, and inpatient treatment characteristics.
  • To compare sociodemographics and clinical presentations between adolescent boys and girls diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of 106 adolescents with a first-time diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorder (F20-29).
  • Comparison of girls and boys on sociodemographic factors, care pathways, living situations, symptom profiles, and treatment received.
  • Analysis of data from a defined catchment area for adolescents aged 13-17.

Main Results:

  • Adolescent girls (66%) were more frequently diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders than boys (34%).
  • Girls presented with younger mean age at admission (15.46 years) compared to boys (16.62 years).
  • Girls exhibited more mood symptoms; boys showed more aggressive behaviors, alcohol abuse, and isolation. Girls reported more family adversities and were more likely to receive specialized after-care.

Conclusions:

  • Observed gender differences in symptom presentation align with general adolescent population trends.
  • Both genders engage with psychiatric services for prodromal symptoms before psychosis onset.
  • Family adversities may disproportionately impact girls vulnerable to psychosis compared to boys.