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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
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Drug release from modified-release dosage forms is designed to achieve specific therapeutic effects by controlling the rate and extent of drug release. The classification of these drug release systems is based on key pharmacokinetic assumptions: drug disposition follows first-order kinetics, drug release is the rate-limiting step in absorption, and the released drug is rapidly and completely absorbed.There are four major models of drug release patterns. The first model is the slow zero-order...
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Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also...
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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
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Modified-release drug delivery systems improve drug efficacy and minimize side effects by controlling the rate and location of drug release. These systems fall into three categories: rate-programmed, stimuli-activated, and site-targeted.Rate-programmed systems release drugs at a predetermined rate, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels and reducing fluctuations that could lead to toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. These systems use polymeric matrices, reservoir-based designs, or osmotic...
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Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
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Block Copolymer Capsules with Structure-Dependent Release Behavior.

Jiangping Xu1, Jun Li2, Yi Yang1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|October 25, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers fabricated block copolymer capsules with tunable structures using a non-solvent template. Different shell structures influenced drug release and cancer cell apoptosis, offering precise control over polymeric capsule properties.

Keywords:
apoptosisblock copolymerscapsulescontrolled releasephase separation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Macrophase separation in emulsion droplets is a common method for polymeric capsule fabrication.
  • Precise control over the structure of these capsules remains a significant challenge in materials science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop block copolymer capsules with tunable shell structures.
  • To investigate the role of non-solvents as liquid templates in controlling capsule formation and structure.
  • To explore the structure-dependent release behavior and biological activity of fabricated capsules.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of block copolymer capsules using non-solvent induced macrophase separation in emulsion droplets.
  • Utilizing non-solvents as liquid templates to direct phase separation and capsule morphology.
  • Characterization of capsule structures and investigation of their transformation into mesoporous capsules.
  • Evaluation of drug release kinetics and in vitro anticancer activity of different capsule structures.

Main Results:

  • Tunable block copolymer capsule shells were successfully fabricated by controlling non-solvent properties.
  • Two distinct capsule formation pathways were identified, enabling prediction of shell structure.
  • Structured capsules could be converted to mesoporous capsules with varying release profiles.
  • Spherical shells exhibited higher permeability, while lamellar shells showed slower, stepwise release.
  • Capsules loaded with an anticancer drug demonstrated varying apoptosis ratios in cancer cell studies.

Conclusions:

  • Non-solvent templating provides a method for precise control over polymeric capsule shell structures.
  • Capsule shell architecture significantly impacts drug permeability, release kinetics, and in vitro therapeutic efficacy.
  • The developed approach offers potential for designing advanced drug delivery systems with tailored release profiles.