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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

16.8K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
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Cell Signaling in Plants01:25

Cell Signaling in Plants

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Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Detection of Histone Modifications in Plant Leaves
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Detection of Histone Modifications in Plant Leaves

Published on: September 23, 2011

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Histone Acetylation and Plant Development.

X Liu1, S Yang1, C-W Yu2

  • 1Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.

The Enzymes
|October 26, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Histone acetylation and deacetylation, regulated by HATs and HDACs, control gene activity in plants. These enzymes are vital for plant development and stress responses, interacting with other factors to modulate gene expression.

Keywords:
Histone acetylationHistone acetyltransferasesHistone deacetylasesPlant development

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • Histone acetylation/deacetylation at N-termini regulates gene activity.
  • Hyperacetylation activates genes; hypoacetylation represses genes.
  • Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) catalyze these processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the roles of plant HATs and HDACs.
  • Understand their involvement in gene expression regulation.
  • Explore their function in plant development and stress responses.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) functions.
  • Study of chromatin remodeling.
  • Investigation of transcription factor interactions.

Main Results:

  • Plant HATs and HDACs are essential for regulating gene expression.
  • These enzymes are crucial for plant development.
  • They play key roles in plant responses to environmental stresses.
  • HATs and HDACs interact with chromatin remodelers and transcription factors.

Conclusions:

  • Histone acetylation and deacetylation are critical epigenetic mechanisms in plants.
  • Plant HATs and HDACs are integral to developmental and stress-related gene regulation.
  • These enzymes are key players in complex transcriptional regulatory networks.