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Related Concept Videos

The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin00:51

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Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging
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Hypoparathyroidism following thyroidectomy: Predictive factors.

Cristiana Coimbra1, Francisco Monteiro1, Pedro Oliveira1

  • 1Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia Espinho (CHVNGE), ENT Department, Gaia, Portugal.

Acta Otorrinolaringologica Espanola
|October 26, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroidectomy can lead to transient or permanent hypoparathyroidism. Surgery extension and malignancy diagnosis are key predictors of these conditions.

Keywords:
Diagnóstico histológicoFactores predictivosGlándula paratiroideaHipocalcemiaHipoparatiroidismoHistological diagnosisHypocalcemiaHypoparathyroidismParathyroid glandPredictive factorsThyroidectomyTiroidectomía

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Thyroidectomy is a common surgical procedure.
  • Hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism are potential complications.
  • Understanding predictive factors is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of transient and permanent hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism after thyroidectomy.
  • To identify factors that predict these post-operative complications.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study of 162 patients undergoing thyroid surgery.
  • Analysis of pre-operative, 6-hour, and 12-hour post-operative serum calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels.
  • Evaluation of patient demographics, thyroid function, histology, surgery extent, and hypoparathyroidism status.

Main Results:

  • The incidence of transient hypoparathyroidism was 19.1% (31 patients), and permanent hypoparathyroidism was 5% (8 patients).
  • Surgery extension (total thyroidectomy) significantly predicted both transient and permanent hypoparathyroidism.
  • Malignancy diagnosis was a strong predictor of transient hypoparathyroidism and associated with permanent hypoparathyroidism.

Conclusions:

  • The extent of thyroid surgery, particularly total thyroidectomy, is a significant predictor of hypoparathyroidism.
  • A diagnosis of malignancy is also a predictor for transient and potentially permanent hypoparathyroidism following thyroidectomy.