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Regulation of Transpiration by Stomata02:04

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During photosynthesis, plants acquire the necessary carbon dioxide and release the produced oxygen back into the atmosphere. Openings in the epidermis of plant leaves is the site of this exchange of gasses. A single opening is called a stoma—derived from the Greek word for “mouth.” Stomata open and close in response to a variety of environmental cues.
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Molecular Evolution of Grass Stomata.

Zhong-Hua Chen1, Guang Chen2, Fei Dai2

  • 1College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.

Trends in Plant Science
|October 26, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Grass stomata evolved rapid responses to environmental changes, driving their global success and agricultural dominance. Understanding this evolution can aid in breeding more productive crop varieties.

Keywords:
comparative genomicsguard cell modelingion transportersstomatal developmentstomatal evolution

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Grasses dominate over a third of Earth's land, including most agricultural areas.
  • Their ecological success is hypothesized to stem from specialized stomata.
  • Stomata are crucial pores regulating gas exchange and water balance in plants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary development of grass stomata.
  • To understand the mechanisms behind rapid stomatal responses in grasses.
  • To identify how stomatal evolution contributes to grass productivity.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of stomatal structures and functions across grass lineages.
  • Investigation of the genetic and molecular regulatory networks controlling stomatal development and response.
  • Examination of ion transporter roles in stomatal turgor regulation.

Main Results:

  • Grass stomata exhibit unique morphological and developmental features for rapid environmental responses.
  • Active turgor control mechanisms, inherited from ancient lineages, are optimized in grasses.
  • Evolutionary progression of grass stomata appears gradual, enhancing responsiveness.

Conclusions:

  • Highly responsive grass stomata are key to their ecological and agricultural dominance.
  • Understanding the intricate mechanisms of grass stomatal movement can inform crop breeding.
  • Targeting stomatal development and function may lead to improved crop yields and resilience.