Surgical treatment of accessory teat and gland cistern complexes in three cows

The diagnosis of accessory teat and gland cistern complexes, a technique used for surgical removal of the fistulae, a method for connecting 2 complexes at the level of the teat cisterns, and complications observed after the procedures are described for 3 cows. All cows produced greater than 8,000 kg of milk during the lactation in which surgery was performed. The surgical procedure may be economically justified in cows that are high milk producers or have the genetic potential for high milk production.