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Related Concept Videos

Adherens Junctions01:24

Adherens Junctions

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Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
Adherens Junctions are Dynamic
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Anchoring Junctions01:03

Anchoring Junctions

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Anchoring junctions are multiprotein complexes that help cells connect to other cells and the extracellular matrix. Anchoring junctions are present on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells, providing strong and flexible connections. Focal adhesions are often formed due to cell interactions with the ECM substrata, which initiate signal transduction via kinase cascades and other mechanisms. Together, they provide stability and tissue integrity. There are three types of anchoring junctions:...
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Tension Response at Adherens Junctions01:26

Tension Response at Adherens Junctions

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The adherens junctions that anchor cells together are multi-protein complexes that dynamically adapt to mechanical stimuli such as tensile forces and shear stress. Mechanosensory proteins in these junctions can sense such mechanical stimuli and undergo a shift in their conformation, resulting in an altered function — a process called mechanotransduction.
α-Catenin as a Mechanosensory Protein
The α-catenin of adherens junctions is an allosteric protein with three VH (vinculin...
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Adhesion01:14

Adhesion

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Adhesion occurs when one type of molecule is attracted to a different molecule. Water exhibits adhesive properties in the presence of polar surfaces, such as glass or cellulose in plants. For instance, when water is poured into a glass, the positively charged hydrogen molecules of water are more attracted to the negatively charged oxygen molecules in the silica than to the oxygen in neighboring water molecules.
Capillary action is a result of water’s adhesive tendencies. When a narrow...
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Accelerators01:17

Accelerators

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Accelerators in concrete serve as admixtures to speed up the hardening process, enabling the concrete to achieve early strength faster. Although accelerators do not necessarily impact the time it takes concrete to set, they reduce this time in practice. A common accelerator is calcium chloride, which is particularly useful for hastening early strength development in cold weather or for rapid repair jobs that require quick heat generation after mixing.
The effectiveness of calcium chloride can...
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Desmosomes01:05

Desmosomes

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The term desmosome derives from the Greek words "desmo" and "soma" meaning "adhesion bodies." This structure was first observed during the late 1800s and described as small, dense nodules in the epidermis. Desmosomes are button-like structures that help form an interlinked network of intermediate filaments across the cells. These junctions are  essential to hold cells together under mechanical stress and to maintain tissue integrity. Desmosomes are multi-protein...
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Related Experiment Video

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Acrylic Resin Molding Based Head Fixation Technique in Rodents
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Adhesives for fixed orthodontic bands.

Declan T Millett1, Anne-Marie Glenny, Rye Cr Mattick

  • 1Oral Health and Development, Cork University Dental School and Hospital, University College, Cork, Ireland.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|November 2, 2016
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This study reviewed adhesives for orthodontic bands, finding insufficient evidence to determine the most effective option for preventing band detachment and tooth decay. Further high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to establish reliable bonding agents for fixed orthodontic appliances.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics
  • Dental Materials Science

Background:

  • Fixed orthodontic appliances offer superior treatment outcomes compared to removable ones.
  • Secure attachment of orthodontic bands to teeth is crucial for successful fixed appliance therapy.
  • Adhesives play a key role in band retention and preventing dental caries during orthodontic treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of dental adhesives used for attaching orthodontic bands to teeth.
  • To assess the frequency of band debonding during fixed appliance treatment.
  • To determine if adhesives protect banded teeth from decay during orthodontic treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of randomized and controlled clinical trials, including split-mouth studies.
  • Searched multiple electronic databases (Cochrane, MEDLINE, EMBASE) and clinical trial registries.
  • Included trials comparing different adhesives for attaching orthodontic bands to molar teeth in patients with fixed appliances.

Main Results:

  • Eight trials (5 RCTs, 3 CCTs) met the inclusion criteria, all utilizing a split-mouth design.
  • Comparisons included zinc phosphate, glass ionomer, and compomer adhesives.
  • Data analysis in the included studies was frequently inappropriate, limiting the reliability of findings.

Conclusions:

  • There is a lack of high-quality evidence to identify the most effective adhesive for orthodontic band attachment.
  • Further rigorous randomized controlled trials are necessary to guide clinical practice.
  • Optimal adhesive selection remains uncertain for ensuring band stability and caries prevention.