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Parenting Style and Their Influence on Children's Dental Health in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Areej Alsiwat1, George Kitsaras1, Anne-Marie Glenny1
1Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 28, 2026
Summary
Authoritative parenting is common among Saudi Arabian parents in Riyadh. While not linked to dental caries, it
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics and Child Development
- Public Health and Nutrition
- Family Studies
Background:
- Parenting styles significantly influence child development and well-being.
- Limited research exists on parenting styles among Saudi Arabian parents in Riyadh.
- Understanding parenting practices is crucial for developing evidence-based interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate parenting styles of primary school parents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- To assess the association between parenting styles and children's dental caries prevalence.
- To explore the relationship between parenting styles and children's oral health behaviors.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving 506 parents from 14 schools in Riyadh.
- Utilized a validated questionnaire to assess parenting styles.
- Clinical examination for dental caries (World Health Organization criteria) and oral health questionnaires were administered.
Main Results:
- Authoritative parenting was the most prevalent style: 88.7% for mothers and 81.4% for fathers.
- No significant association found between authoritative parenting and dental caries prevalence.
- Mothers' authoritative parenting style was associated with increased fruit consumption in children.
Conclusions:
- Authoritative parenting is the predominant style among surveyed Saudi Arabian parents.
- Parenting style did not correlate with dental caries or brushing frequency.
- A positive association exists between mothers' authoritative style and children's fruit intake.
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