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Folliculogenesis is the development of ovarian follicles, the specialized structures within the ovarian cortex where oogenesis, or egg development, occurs. This process is essential for female reproductive health and begins during fetal development when primordial follicles are formed. Each primordial follicle comprises a primary oocyte in the center, surrounded by a single layer of squamous pre-granulosa cells. These follicles remain dormant in late prophase I of meiosis until triggered by...
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Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
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Spermatogenesis is a complex process that involves the development of sperm cells from undifferentiated stem cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. The process is essential for the production of mature and functional sperm cells that are capable of fertilizing an egg.
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A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
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Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Isolation of Small Preantral Follicles from the Bovine Ovary Using a Combination of Fragmentation, Homogenization, and Serial Filtration
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Follicle cell processes: a shark thing?

M Dunbar1, C Onuora1, S Morgan1

  • 1Xavier University of Louisiana, Department of Biology, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA, 70125, U.S.A.

Journal of Fish Biology
|October 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Follicle cell processes (FCPs) are found in carcharhinid sharks but not in skates, suggesting these structures evolved in sharks or were lost in batoids. This finding supports the evolution of large oocytes in sharks.

Keywords:
BatoideaSelachiidevelopmentoogenesissharksskates

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Area of Science:

  • Ichthyology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Reproductive Biology

Background:

  • Follicle cell processes (FCPs) are specialized cellular structures observed in the ovarian follicles of certain fish species.
  • Their presence and evolutionary history in cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichthyes) remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence or absence of Follicle Cell Processes (FCPs) in representative species of Selachii (sharks) and Batoidea (skates).
  • To infer the evolutionary origins and potential functional significance of FCPs in relation to oocyte development in sharks.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative morphological analysis of ovarian tissues from selected shark and skate species.
  • Histological examination to identify and characterize Follicle Cell Processes.

Main Results:

  • Follicle cell processes (FCPs) were identified in the studied carcharhinid shark species (Selachii).
  • FCPs were notably absent in the little skate (Leucoraja erinacea), a representative of Batoidea.
  • The divergence between Selachii and Batoidea occurred approximately 280 million years ago.

Conclusions:

  • The distribution of FCPs suggests they are either a derived trait unique to Selachii or were secondarily lost in Batoidea.
  • The presence of FCPs in sharks is consistent with their evolutionary trajectory towards developing large oocytes.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise function of FCPs in shark oogenesis.