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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Perinatal Stroke in Fetuses, Preterm and Term Infants.

R Srivastava1, J Mailo1, M Dunbar2

  • 1Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Albertam, AB, Canada.

Seminars in Pediatric Neurology
|November 7, 2022
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Summary

Perinatal stroke, a disruption of brain blood flow in newborns, is a leading cause of lifelong cerebral palsy. This review details risk factors, diagnosis, and management for fetal, preterm, and term neonatal stroke.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatrics
  • Neonatology

Background:

  • Perinatal stroke involves focal cerebral blood flow disruption from 20 weeks gestation to 28 days postnatal.
  • It is the primary cause of hemiparetic cerebral palsy, leading to lifelong disability.
  • The first week after birth presents the highest risk for perinatal stroke.

Approach:

  • This review classifies perinatal strokes by timing (fetal, preterm neonatal, term neonatal, infancy/childhood).
  • It details risk factors, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies.
  • The review also covers outcomes, controversies, and family support resources.

Key Points:

  • Perinatal stroke affects both term and preterm infants, with distinct vulnerabilities in the preterm brain.
  • Classification by age at presentation is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.
  • Understanding perinatal stroke syndromes impacts prognosis and long-term care.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis and classification of perinatal stroke are essential for effective intervention.
  • This review provides a comprehensive summary of current knowledge on perinatal stroke.
  • Early identification and management can mitigate the lifelong impact of cerebral palsy.