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Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

Complement System

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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
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Hematopoietic growth factors are molecules that regulate the differentiation rate of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Erythropoietin (EPO), primarily produced by the kidneys, plays a crucial role in erythrocyte production. When oxygen levels in the blood are low, EPO is released into the bloodstream, reaching the bone marrow, where it stimulates HSCs to differentiate and mature into erythrocytes, which are vital for oxygen transport.
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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Protein Complex Assembly02:41

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Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
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Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts01:57

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Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
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High-resolution Melting PCR for Complement Receptor 1 Length Polymorphism Genotyping: An Innovative Tool for Alzheimer's Disease Gene Susceptibility Assessment
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The complement factor H-related proteins.

Nicholas Medjeral-Thomas1, Matthew C Pickering2

  • 1Centre for Complement and Inflammation Research, Imperial College, London, UK. matthew.pickering@imperial.ac.uk.

Immunological Reviews
|October 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Complement factor H-related (FHR) proteins are key regulators of the complement system. Research shows FHR proteins promote complement C3 activation, impacting homeostasis and autoimmune diseases.

Keywords:
complementinflammationinfectionkidney

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Complement system biology

Background:

  • The complement system is crucial for innate immunity and tissue homeostasis.
  • Factor H is a key regulator that inhibits complement activation.
  • The roles of complement factor H-related (FHR) proteins are increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on the FHR protein family.
  • To elucidate the function of FHR proteins in complement regulation.
  • To understand the implications of FHR proteins in disease pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating FHR proteins.
  • Analysis of FHR protein interactions with complement components.
  • Comparison of FHR protein function with Factor H.

Main Results:

  • FHR proteins, unlike Factor H, promote complement C3 activation.
  • The balance between Factor H and FHR proteins dictates complement activation levels.
  • FHR proteins play a significant role in immune homeostasis and pathogen defense.

Conclusions:

  • FHR proteins are critical regulators of the complement system.
  • Dysregulation of the Factor H/FHR balance contributes to complement-mediated diseases.
  • Further research into FHR proteins is essential for understanding and treating autoimmune conditions.