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Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions

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Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...

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Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Basophil Activation Test for Investigation of IgE-Mediated Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity

Basophil Activation Test for Investigation of IgE-Mediated Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity

Published on: September 16, 2011

Progesterone-responsive urticaria and eosinophilia.

R J Mittman¹, D I Bernstein, D R Steinberg

¹Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Ohio 45267.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

|September 1, 1989

Summary

This study details a unique case of chronic cyclic urticaria and hypereosinophilia in a woman, finding that progesterone levels influence hive activity and eosinophil counts.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Endocrinology
Dermatology

Background:

A 30-year-old black albino woman presented with a 4-year history of monthly urticarial episodes linked to hypereosinophilia.
Urticaria consistently began at the end of menses, lasting 1-2 weeks, with no evidence of malignancy, infection, or visceral involvement.

Observation:

A 30-year-old woman experienced monthly urticarial episodes linked to hypereosinophilia, starting at menses.
Symptoms correlated with eosinophil counts and urinary histamine levels.
Hives and eosinophilia decreased as serum progesterone levels rose.

Findings:

Progesterone demonstrated in vitro inhibition of histamine release from patient basophils.
Oral medroxyprogesterone treatment led to urticaria remission and reduced eosinophil counts.
This case suggests progesterone modulates urticaria and hypereosinophilia.

Implications:

Progesterone may play a key role in cyclic urticaria and hypereosinophilia.
Hormonal therapy could be a potential treatment avenue for similar cases.
Further research into sex hormone-immune interactions in urticaria is warranted.