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Related Concept Videos

UV–Vis Spectrum01:30

UV–Vis Spectrum

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When light passes through a substance, a portion of the light is absorbed while the remaining light is reflected or transmitted. If the molecule absorbs light between the wavelengths of 180–400 nm range, the UV spectrum is obtained, and if it absorbs light in the 400–780 nm wavelength range, the visible spectrum is obtained.     
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UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

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The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell.
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Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview01:02

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Ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible or UV–Vis) spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the interaction between matter and UV–Vis light within the electromagnetic spectrum. This method is widely used for its versatility, simplicity, and relatively quick data acquisition, making it valuable for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. When UV–Vis radiation passes through a material,  molecules absorb light depending on the energy required for...
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IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
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Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

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When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
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IR Spectrum Peak Intensity: Amount of IR-Active Bonds00:55

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When infrared radiation is passed through a molecule, absorption occurs if the molecule's vibration leads to a substantial change in its bond dipole moment. Transitions between vibrational energy levels, typically corresponding to infrared frequencies (4000–400 cm−1), allow absorption if the vibration significantly alters the dipole moment, making the molecule infrared active. The molecular bonds have different stretching and bending vibrations, resulting in various peaks with...
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UV "Indices"-What Do They Indicate?

Hanns Moshammer1, Stana Simic2, Daniela Haluza3

  • 1Institute for Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria. hanns.moshammer@meduniwien.ac.at.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|October 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ultra-Violet (UV) radiation indices simplify complex UV doses but have limitations. A comprehensive review highlights the need for better UV weighting functions and detailed exposure data for accurate health assessments.

Keywords:
UV indicesfrequency rangehealth endpointsweighting function

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Dermatology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Ultra-Violet (UV) radiation (100-400 nm) has varying biological effects based on wavelength.
  • UV indices simplify biologically effective UV doses but current weighting functions have uncertainties, especially regarding melanoma risk from UV-A exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the data basis for UV indices.
  • To understand the relevance of UV indices for individuals.
  • To assess the applicability of UV indices across various exposure scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Online literature search to examine the data supporting UV indices.
  • Analysis of UV spectral composition variations from natural and artificial sources.
  • Evaluation of weighting functions used for different biological endpoints.

Main Results:

  • Few UV endpoints are sufficiently studied for reliable index estimation.
  • Weighting functions for chronic and cancer endpoints often rely on animal models and proxy endpoints.
  • Spectral composition of UV radiation varies significantly with location, time, and artificial sources.

Conclusions:

  • Current UV indices may not fully capture individual UV exposure risks and benefits.
  • Improved understanding of wavelength-specific UV effects is needed for better medical counseling.
  • Epidemiological studies should incorporate detailed individual exposure data beyond single-value UV indices.