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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Elemental-sensitive Detection of the Chemistry in Batteries through Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering

Elemental-sensitive Detection of the Chemistry in Batteries through Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering

Published on: April 17, 2018

A soft XAS transmission cell for operando studies.

Christoph Schwanke¹, Lifei Xi¹, Kathrin Maria Lange¹

¹Operando Characterization of Solar Fuel Materials (EE-NOC), Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, Berlin 12489, Germany.

Journal of Synchrotron Radiation

|October 28, 2016

Summary

A novel operando cell enables soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy for solar water-splitting catalysts. This system allows real-time analysis of solid-liquid interfaces under working conditions, revealing electronic structure changes in manganese oxide films.

Keywords:

L-edge in situ manganese oxide operando soft X-ray transmission mode

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Spectroscopy

Background:

Investigating solar water-splitting catalysts requires understanding their behavior at solid-electrolyte interfaces under operating conditions.
Operando spectroscopy techniques are crucial for real-time monitoring of catalyst electronic structure evolution.
Existing methods may lack the capability to study these systems under combined electrochemical potential and illumination.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a new cell design for operando soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) in transmission mode.
To enable the study of solid films in direct contact with electrolyte solutions under applied voltage and visible light.
To facilitate simultaneous measurement of fluorescence and transmission signals with fast sample exchange.

Main Methods:

Development and implementation of a novel operando cell for soft XAS.
Utilization of the cell for investigating manganese oxide (MnO_x) films as solar water-splitting catalysts.
Monitoring of electronic structure changes during electrochemical potential cycling (forward and backward) under visible light.

Main Results:

The new cell successfully facilitates operando soft XAS measurements on solid-electrolyte interfaces.
Detailed electronic structure changes in MnO_x films were observed during potential sweeps.
The study revealed the varying contributions of different manganese oxidation states throughout the electrochemical process.

Conclusions:

The developed operando cell is a valuable tool for in-situ characterization of water-splitting catalysts.
It provides detailed insights into the dynamic electronic structure of catalysts under relevant operating conditions.
This technique advances the understanding of catalytic mechanisms at the solid-liquid interface.