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Is failed predictive control a risk factor for focal dystonia?

Peter Stein¹, Elliot Saltzman^1,2, Kenneth Holt^1,3

¹College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Movement Disorders : Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society

|October 28, 2016

Summary

Task-specific focal dystonia (TSFD) may arise from errors in predictive control during high-precision tasks. This challenges previous models and suggests a new understanding of motor control disorders in musicians and writers.

Keywords:

focal dystonia internal models motor control musicians sensorimotor performance

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Motor Control
Movement Disorders

Background:

Task-specific focal dystonia (TSFD) degrades psychomotor coordination in demanding tasks like musical performance.
The exact cause of TSFD remains unknown, despite associations with intensive practice.
Previous hypotheses, based on primate grasping studies, do not fully explain TSFD in complex tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose an alternative etiological hypothesis for task-specific focal dystonia.
To explain the development of TSFD in complex sensorimotor tasks such as musical performance and handwriting.

Main Methods:

Critical literature review.
Formulation of the "predictive-control" etiological hypothesis.

Main Results:

The "predictive-control" hypothesis suggests TSFD develops when predictive control processes fail under performance stress.
Deterioration of forward dynamic models, crucial for mapping motor commands to predicted outcomes, is implicated.
This failure is linked to characteristic TSFD symptoms like freezing and co-contraction.

Conclusions:

The predictive-control hypothesis offers a novel framework for understanding TSFD.
It accounts for TSFD in complex tasks, unlike previous models.
Further research directions are suggested to explore this hypothesis.