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Assessment of Thermal Damage from Robot-Drilled Craniotomy for Cranial Window Surgery in Mice

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Published on: November 11, 2022

Reducing temperature elevation of robotic bone drilling.

Arne Feldmann¹, Jasmin Wandel², Philippe Zysset¹

¹Institute for Surgical Technology and Biomechanics, University of Bern, Switzerland.

Medical Engineering & Physics

|October 30, 2016

Summary

Optimizing bone drilling involves irrigation, interval drilling, and drill bit design to minimize heat. A novel drill bit with high irrigation and short intervals effectively reduces thermal damage, crucial for delicate surgeries.

Keywords:

Bone drilling Chisel edge Cooling Cumulative equivalent minutes Drill bit design Interval drilling Rake angle Temperature elevation of drilling Tissue damage

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Surgical Technology
Materials Science

Background:

Elevated temperatures during bone drilling can cause thermal necrosis and damage.
Current drilling methods often lead to significant heat buildup, limiting surgical precision.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate and optimize methods for reducing temperature elevation during bone drilling.
To evaluate the impact of irrigation, interval drilling, and drill bit design on thermal damage.

Main Methods:

Experimental investigation of irrigation rates (0-30 ml/min), interval lengths (0.5-2 mm), and two drill bit designs (standard vs. custom single flute).
Development of a novel experimental setup to measure drilling forces, torques, and 2D temperature fields using thermal imaging.
Calculation of cumulative equivalent minutes (CEM43) to assess potential tissue damage.

Main Results:

External irrigation primarily prevents drill bit clogging, which is a major source of heat.
Interval drilling aids in chip removal and bone cooling, limiting heat accumulation.
A custom drill bit with optimized geometry, combined with high irrigation and short intervals (0.5 mm), significantly reduced thermal effects below the tissue damage threshold.

Conclusions:

An optimized bone drilling protocol involving a custom drill bit, high irrigation, and short drilling intervals minimizes thermal damage.
This method shows promise for enhancing safety and efficacy in delicate procedures like minimally invasive robotic cochlear implantation.