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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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Pooled CRISPR-Based Genetic Screens in Mammalian Cells
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GenomeCRISPR - a database for high-throughput CRISPR/Cas9 screens.

Benedikt Rauscher1, Florian Heigwer1, Marco Breinig1

  • 1German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division Signaling and Functional Genomics and Heidelberg University, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.

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Summary

GenomeCRISPR is a new database for querying genome-scale CRISPR/Cas9 screening data. It offers tools for analyzing gene perturbations and their phenotypic effects, improving functional genomics research.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Functional Genomics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing is a powerful tool for genetic modification.
  • High-throughput CRISPR/Cas9 screens enable systematic functional genomics analysis.
  • A centralized database for querying CRISPR/Cas9 screen results is currently lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a comprehensive database for genome-scale CRISPR/Cas9 screening data.
  • To provide efficient data mining and analysis tools for CRISPR/Cas9 screening results.
  • To facilitate the investigation of gene-to-phenotype relationships.

Main Methods:

  • Developed GenomeCRISPR, a web-accessible database (http://genomecrispr.org).
  • Integrated data from over 550,000 single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) from 84 experiments in 48 human cell lines.
  • Implemented data mining tools including gene/genomic region search and phenotypic/genome track views.
  • Provided an Application Programming Interface (API) for automated data access.

Main Results:

  • GenomeCRISPR currently houses all published CRISPR/Cas9 screens in human cells.
  • The database enables users to query, investigate, and compare results from various screens and sgRNAs.
  • Automated data access and batch download are facilitated via the API.

Conclusions:

  • GenomeCRISPR addresses the need for an efficient query resource for genome-scale CRISPR/Cas9 screens.
  • The database enhances the analysis of gene function and gene-to-phenotype relationships.
  • Future extensions aim to include data from other organisms for cross-species comparisons.