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Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Targeted Plasma Membrane Delivery of a Hydrophobic Cargo Encapsulated in a Liquid Crystal Nanoparticle Carrier
Published on: February 8, 2017
Modified biomolecule as potential vehicle for buccal delivery of doxepin
Flavia Laffleur1, Martina Zilio1, Duangratana Shuwisitkul2
1Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Aim:
Doxepin is a traditional tricyclic antidepressant with analgesic and anesthetic properties when applied topically to the mucosa. Doxepin is one approach in treating insomnia and depression in Parkinson's disease. Patients with Parkinson's disease suffer difficulties in swallowing. Therefore, it was the aim of this study to develop a buccal-adhesive delivery system.
Methods:
Pectin was modified with cysteine. Stability assays in form of disintegration assay according to the Ph.Eur were performed. Furthermore, bioadhesiveness on buccal mucosa was investigated incorporating the drug doxepin.
Results:
The adhesiveness was improved 1.4-fold and revealed a sustained release over 3 h.
Conclusion:
Taking these findings into account, the modifications render this designed excipient fruitful for buccal delivery.
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