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Related Concept Videos

Patterns of Fever01:26

Patterns of Fever

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Before understanding the types and patterns of fever, it is essential to know its phases.
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Types of Fever01:25

Types of Fever

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Fever can be triggered by several factors, including infections, nervous system disorders, certain cancers, blood diseases like leukemia, embolism, thrombosis, heatstroke, dehydration, surgical trauma, crushing injuries, and allergic reactions.
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Endocarditis I: Introduction01:25

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Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
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Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

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Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
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Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

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Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
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Methods of reducing fever01:22

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The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Enteric Bacterial Invasion Of Intestinal Epithelial Cells In Vitro Is Dramatically Enhanced Using a Vertical Diffusion Chamber Model
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Enteric Fever.

Praveen Kumar1, Ruchika Kumar2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College & Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, 110001, India. pkpaed@gmail.com.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|November 1, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Enteric fever, including typhoid fever, poses a significant public health challenge in India. Key prevention strategies include safe water, food, hygiene, sanitation, and vaccination.

Keywords:
Multidrug resistanceTyphoid fever

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Enteric fever, primarily typhoid fever, is a major public health concern in India.
  • Clinical presentations vary widely, from mild fever to severe multisystem complications.
  • Fever is a near-universal symptom (>90%), with higher mortality in young children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment considerations, and prevention of enteric fever in India.
  • To highlight the importance of accurate diagnosis and emerging antibiotic resistance.
  • To emphasize public health interventions for disease control.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical and epidemiological data on enteric fever.
  • Discussion of diagnostic methods, including blood culture and Widal test.
  • Analysis of antibiotic resistance patterns and treatment guidelines.
  • Outline of preventive strategies and the role of vaccination.

Main Results:

  • Fever is the most common symptom (>90%) across all age groups.
  • Blood culture is the gold standard for diagnosis; Widal test has limitations.
  • Antibiotic resistance is an emerging challenge, necessitating careful treatment selection.
  • Mortality rates are higher among younger children.

Conclusions:

  • Enteric fever requires comprehensive management strategies, including prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
  • Preventive measures focusing on safe water, food, hygiene, sanitation, and vaccination are crucial for control.
  • Continued surveillance for antibiotic resistance is essential for effective public health interventions.