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Warm storage for arc magmas.

Mélanie Barboni1, Patrick Boehnke2, Axel K Schmitt3

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Area of Science:

  • Volcanology
  • Geochemistry
  • Petrology

Background:

  • Felsic magmatic systems dominate volcanic threats, with eruption timing influenced by magma storage conditions.
  • The 'cold storage' model suggests volcanic reservoirs are molten only briefly (around 1,000 years) after recharge, implying melt detection signals imminent eruption.
  • Long-lived arc volcanoes challenge this model, showing continuous melt presence over tens of thousands of years.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the paradox of long-lived arc volcanism and continuous melt presence.
  • To reconstruct the pre-eruptive thermal and chemical history of the Soufrière Volcanic Center (SVC) magma reservoir.
  • To assess the applicability of the 'cold storage' model to arc volcanic systems.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated zircon geochronology and geochemistry.
  • Analyzed samples from both erupted lava and co-genetic enclaves at the SVC.
  • Tracked the thermal and chemical evolution of the magma reservoir prior to eruption.

Main Results:

  • The SVC magma reservoir was likely capable of eruption for tens of thousands of years or more.
  • Eruptions occurred periodically during these extended eruptible phases.
  • Results align with other arc volcanic centers, indicating generally warm magma storage.

Conclusions:

  • Arc magma reservoirs are typically stored warm, not in 'cold storage'.
  • The continuous presence of intracrustal melt is characteristic of normal magma storage in dormant arc volcanoes.
  • Geophysical detection of melt alone is insufficient to predict imminent volcanic eruptions.