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Published on: January 17, 2011
Pediatric Critical Care Transport as a Conduit to Terminal Extubation at Home: A Case Series
Corina Noje1, Meghan L Bernier, Philomena M Costabile
11Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.2Department of Nursing, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD.3Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
Insights
Palliative critical care transports home for terminal extubation are feasible for technology-dependent children, enabling end-of-life care at home. This case series highlights the need for formal programs to support these complex pediatric transports.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
- Palliative Care
- Transport Medicine
Background:
- End-of-life care decisions for technology-dependent children in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) are complex.
- Families increasingly desire to provide end-of-life care in the home setting.
Observation:
- This study presents a single-center experience with three palliative critical care transports home for terminal extubation.
- Patients were terminally ill children requiring mechanical ventilation, with complex chronic conditions.
- Transports were protocolized, involving multidisciplinary goal-of-care meetings, parental expectation clarification, and prearranged home hospice care.
Findings:
- The rate of palliative care transports home for terminal extubation was 2.6 per 100 deaths.
- All three transports involved patients with unstable medical conditions and urgent needs, presenting logistic challenges.
- Challenges included establishing do-not-resuscitate status, limited organization time, and coordinating community palliative care resources.
Implications:
- Transporting critically ill children home for terminal extubation is a feasible option for families.
- Development of formal programs for pediatric end-of-life critical care transports is warranted.
- Such programs should include patient screening, discharge algorithms, transport protocols, and resource analysis.
Objectives:
To present our single-center's experience with three palliative critical care transports home from the PICU for terminal extubation.
Design:
We performed a retrospective chart review of patients transported between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2014.
Setting:
All cases were identified from our institutional pediatric transport database.
Patients:
Patients were terminally ill children unable to separate from mechanical ventilation in the PICU, who were transported home for terminal extubation and end-of-life care according to their families' wishes.
Interventions:
Patients underwent palliative care transport home for terminal extubation.
Measurements And Main Results:
The rate of palliative care transports home for terminal extubation during the study period was 2.6 per 100 deaths. The patients were 7 months, 6 years, and 18 years old and had complex chronic conditions. The transfer process was protocolized. The families were approached by the PICU staff during multidisciplinary goals-of-care meetings. Parental expectations were clarified, and home hospice care was arranged pretransfer. All transports were performed by our pediatric critical care transport team, and all terminal extubations were performed by physicians. All patients had unstable medical conditions and urgent needs for transport to comply with the families' wishes for withdrawal of life support and death at home. As such, all three cases presented similar logistic challenges, including establishing do-not-resuscitate status pretransport, having limited time to organize the transport, and coordinating home palliative care services with available community resources.
Conclusions:
Although a relatively infrequent practice in pediatric critical care, transport home for terminal extubation represents a feasible alternative for families seeking out-of-hospital end-of-life care for their critically ill technology-dependent children. Our single-center experience supports the need for development of formal programs for end-of-life critical care transports to include patient screening tools, palliative care home discharge algorithms, transport protocols, and resource utilization and cost analyses.
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