Primary Mediastinal Large B-cell Lymphoma Exhibiting Endobronchial Involvement

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Oncology
• Pulmonology

Background:

• Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMLBCL) is a distinct subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
• PMLBCL typically originates in the anterior mediastinum.

Observation:

• A rare case of PMLBCL with endobronchial involvement is presented.
• A 33-year-old female presented with epigastric pain, back pain, and nausea.
• Imaging revealed a mediastinal mass, pulmonary nodules, lymphadenopathy, and a pancreatic tumor.

Findings:

• Fiberoptic bronchoscopy identified an endobronchial tumor with capillary vessel dilation in the left upper lobe.
• Combined clinical and imaging findings led to the diagnosis of PMLBCL.

Implications:

• This case expands the known clinical presentations of PMLBCL.
• Endobronchial involvement should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained respiratory symptoms in PMLBCL patients.
• Highlights the importance of multidisciplinary diagnostic approaches for rare cancers.