Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 12, 2026
05:48
Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes
Published on: November 21, 2017
8.6K
Recent Developments and Optimization of Lipase-Catalyzed Lactone Formation and Ring-Opening Polymerization
Elyse Champagne1, Satu Strandman1, Xiao-Xia Zhu1
1Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C. P. 6128, Succursale Center-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
Macromolecular Rapid Communications
|November 3, 2016
Summary
This study highlights lipase enzymes for green polymerization. Optimizing conditions allows for both ring-closing and ring-opening polymerization, paving the way for sustainable material synthesis.
Area of Science:
- Biocatalysis and Polymer Chemistry
- Sustainable and Green Chemistry
Background:
- Toxic catalysts in polymerization hinder biomedical applications.
- Lipases offer a non-toxic alternative for synthesizing polymers and their precursors.
- Enzymatic catalysis enables environmentally friendly chemical processes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the dual role of lipases in both ring-closing and ring-opening polymerization.
- To optimize lipase performance by adjusting reaction parameters for macrocyclization.
- To review sustainable methods and polymer architectures using enzymatic pathways.
Main Methods:
- Investigated lipase-catalyzed ring-closing and ring-opening polymerization.
- Optimized reaction conditions including ring size, concentration, substrate ratio, temperature, and solvent.
- Surveyed macrocyclization of bulky substrates using Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB).
Main Results:
- Lipase performance was optimized for both polymerization types by varying key parameters.
- Conditions for macrocyclization of larger substrates were explored.
- Demonstrated the potential for enzymatic recycling of polyesters.
Conclusions:
- Lipases are versatile catalysts for synthesizing polymers and precursors, eliminating toxic catalysts.
- Optimization of reaction conditions enhances lipase efficiency in polymerization and macrocyclization.
- Enzymatic methods, including the use of ionic liquids and polyester recycling, promote sustainable polymer chemistry.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:16Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)
3.3K
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
3.3K
02:26Base-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides
10.8K
Due to their highly strained structures, epoxides can readily undergo ring-opening reactions through nucleophilic substitution, either in the presence of an acid or a base. The nucleophilic substitution reactions in the presence of acid are called acid-catalyzed ring-opening reactions, and nucleophilic substitution reactions in the presence of a base are called base-catalyzed ring-opening reactions. Epoxides undergo base-catalyzed ring-opening reactions in the presence of a strong nucleophile...
10.8K
02:24Acid-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides
9.6K
Epoxides that are three-membered ring systems are more reactive than other cyclic and acyclic ethers. The high reactivity of epoxides originates from the strain present in the ring. This ring strain acts as a driving force for epoxides to undergo ring-opening reactions either with halogen acids or weak nucleophiles in the presence of mild acid. The acid catalyst converts the epoxide oxygen, a poor leaving group, into an oxonium ion, a better leaving group, making the reaction feasible. The...
9.6K
01:13Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview
2.7K
Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...
2.7K
01:57Preparation of Diols and Pinacol Rearrangement
4.3K
Compounds bearing two hydroxyl groups are known as diols. When the hydroxyl groups are located on adjacent carbon atoms, the diols are called vicinal diols or glycols. Under acidic conditions, vicinal diols undergo a specific reaction called pinacol rearrangement.
The reaction begins with transferring a proton from the acid catalyst to one of the hydroxyl groups, producing an oxonium ion.
The reaction begins with transferring a proton from the acid catalyst to one of the hydroxyl groups, producing an oxonium ion.
4.3K
01:17Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview
4.1K
Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
4.1K