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Related Concept Videos

Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

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Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
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Retroviruses02:33

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Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
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RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
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Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
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Related Experiment Video

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Efficient Recombinant Parvovirus Production with the Help of Adenovirus-derived Systems
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Efficient Recombinant Parvovirus Production with the Help of Adenovirus-derived Systems

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Human Parvoviruses.

Jianming Qiu1, Maria Söderlund-Venermo2, Neal S Young3

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA jqiu@kumc.edu.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews
|November 4, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human parvoviruses like Parvovirus B19 cause various diseases, with manifestations depending on the host. Research is ongoing to understand the full spectrum of parvovirus diseases and develop effective treatments.

Keywords:
B19 virushuman bocavirusparvovirus

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Parvovirus B19 (B19V) and human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) are prevalent human pathogens within the Parvoviridae family.
  • Host factors significantly influence disease presentation for B19V infections.
  • Diagnostic assays for these viruses exist but require careful interpretation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular and cellular biology of human parvoviruses.
  • To examine the human immune response elicited by these viruses.
  • To deepen the understanding of parvovirus pathophysiology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of parvovirus B19, human bocaviruses, human parvovirus 4, and human bufavirus.
  • Analysis of molecular and cellular biology features.
  • Examination of host immune responses.

Main Results:

  • B19V and HBoV1 are globally distributed human pathogens.
  • Other human parvoviruses include HBoV2-4, PARV4, and BuV.
  • The complete range of human parvovirus diseases is not yet fully defined.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding viral biology and immune responses is key to comprehending parvovirus pathophysiology.
  • Candidate B19V vaccines have been developed, but commercial feasibility is uncertain.
  • Further research is needed to establish the full spectrum of human parvovirus diseases.