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Red Algae01:23

Red Algae

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Red algae, also known as rhodophytes, are primarily found in marine environments, though some species inhabit freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. These organisms exist in both unicellular and multicellular forms, with some multicellular varieties reaching macroscopic sizes.As phototrophic organisms, red algae contain chlorophyll a; however, their chloroplasts lack chlorophyll b. Instead, they possess phycobiliproteins, which serve as major light-harvesting pigments, similar to those found in...
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The kingdom Archaeplastida encompasses red and green algae, along with land plants. Unlike other protists with chloroplasts that arose through secondary endosymbiosis, only red and green algae originated from primary endosymbiotic events. This diverse group of eukaryotic organisms contains chlorophyll and performs oxygenic photosynthesis.Algae exist in various forms, from large brown kelp in coastal waters to green scum in puddles and stains on rocks or soil. Some species are responsible for...
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Green algae, also referred to as chlorophytes, are different from red algae in having the chloroplasts containing chlorophylls a and b, which give them their distinct green hue. However, they lack phycobiliproteins, preventing them from developing the red or blue-green pigmentation seen in red algae. In terms of photosynthetic pigment composition, green algae closely resemble plants and share a close evolutionary relationship with them. Taxonomically Green algae belong to Phylum Chlorophyta in...
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The group Stramenopiles include some phototrophic microorganisms. Members of this group possess flagella covered in numerous short, hairlike extensions, a feature that inspired the group's name, derived from the Latin words for "straw" and "hair." Some of the main categories of Stramenopiles include diatoms, golden algae, and brown algae.Diatoms are unicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes, with over 200 known genera. They play a key role in the planktonic communities of both marine and...
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Most organisms use photoreceptors to sense and respond to light. Examples of photoreceptors include bacteriorhodopsins and bacteriophytochromes in some bacteria, phytochromes in plants, and rhodopsins in the photoreceptor cells of the vertebral retina. The light-sensitive property of these receptors is because of the bound chromophores, such as bilin in the phytochromes and retinal in the rhodopsins.
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Light plays a significant role in regulating the growth and development of plants. In addition to providing energy for photosynthesis, light provides other important cues to regulate a range of developmental and physiological responses in plants.
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Author Spotlight: Optimizing Growth Factors for Production of Biotechnologically Relevant Secondary Metabolites
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Carotenoids from microalgae: A review of recent developments.

Mengyue Gong1, Amarjeet Bassi1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada.

Biotechnology Advances
|November 7, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Microalgae offer a rich source of carotenoids for health benefits. This review explores biotechnological advancements to make micro-algal carotenoid production more cost-effective than synthetic methods.

Keywords:
AstaxanthinCarotenoidsCell disruptionDownstream processingExtractionHarvestingLuteinMicroalgaeβ-Carotene

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Phycology
  • Natural Product Chemistry

Background:

  • Carotenoids are increasingly recognized for their health benefits.
  • Microalgae are a promising natural source of carotenoids.
  • Current micro-algal carotenoid production is not cost-competitive with synthetic methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent biotechnological developments in microalgal carotenoid production.
  • To discuss current bioprocessing technologies for micro-algal carotenoids.
  • To explore economically feasible biotechnological strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on microalgal carotenoid production.
  • Analysis of cultivation, harvesting, extraction, and purification technologies.
  • Comparison with chemical and biochemical synthesis of carotenoids.

Main Results:

  • Biotechnological strategies are advancing microalgal carotenoid production.
  • Downstream processing remains a key area for optimization.
  • Integration of various biotechnological approaches is crucial for economic viability.

Conclusions:

  • Further research in downstream processing and integrated bioprocessing is needed.
  • Biotechnological strategies show potential for cost-effective microalgal carotenoid production.
  • Future directions include optimizing cultivation and extraction for industrial application.