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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

308
The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
308
Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

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AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
390
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

526
Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
526
Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

687
Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
687
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

727
Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
727
Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention01:27

Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention

516
Management of renal calculi focuses on effective strategies like tailored nutrition and hydration therapy. Adjusting diet and fluid intake reduces stone formation and recurrence, making these interventions simple yet powerful in kidney stone prevention and management.Understanding Kidney StonesKidney stones form when calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine concentrate and crystallize in urine. Factors contributing to their formation include genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions,...
516

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Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
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Urolithiasis in pregnancy.

Renato N Pedro1, Krishanu Das2, Noor Buchholz3

  • 1U-merge (Urology in Emerging Countries), London, UK; Faculdade Medicina Sao Leopoldo Mandic, Brazil.

International Journal of Surgery (London, England)
|November 7, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Managing kidney stones during pregnancy requires careful consideration due to risks to mother and fetus. This review explores diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for urolithiasis in pregnancy.

Keywords:
DiagnosticsPregnancyRisk factorsTreatmentUrolithiasisUrolithogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Urology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Urolithiasis in pregnancy poses significant health risks to both mother and fetus.
  • Management is complicated by the need to limit exposure to anesthesia, radiation, and certain medications or surgical procedures.
  • Multidisciplinary collaboration among obstetricians, radiologists, and urologists is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current literature on the diagnosis and management of urolithiasis in pregnant patients.
  • To highlight the challenges and limitations in treating kidney stones during pregnancy.
  • To inform clinical practice regarding the care of pregnant individuals with urolithiasis.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive electronic literature search was performed.
  • Databases searched included PubMed (Medline), Ovid, and eMedicine (WebMD).
  • Keywords used were: hydronephrosis, urolithiasis, kidney stone, urinary tract infection, pregnancy, ultrasound, incidence, and epidemiology of renal stones.

Main Results:

  • Urolithiasis during pregnancy presents unique diagnostic and therapeutic hurdles.
  • The safety profile of standard diagnostic and treatment modalities is altered in pregnant patients.
  • Evidence-based guidelines for managing this condition are essential.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of urolithiasis in pregnancy necessitates a cautious approach, balancing maternal and fetal well-being.
  • Further research is needed to optimize diagnostic and treatment strategies.
  • Interdisciplinary care is paramount for successful outcomes in pregnant patients with kidney stones.