Causal relation between malocclusion and periodontal health

The purpose of this 20-year follow-up study was to assess whether persistent traits of morphologic malocclusion imply an increased risk of periodontal disease. In 1965-66 malocclusion was recorded in 176 adolescents who were re-examined in 1986-87 at the age of 33-39 years. Markedly healthier periodontal conditions were found in women than men, in the higher social group than the lower one, and in the maxilla than the mandible. Subjects with specified malocclusion traits at both examinations were compared with subjects without malocclusion for the occurrence of calculus, gingivitis (bleeding), and pocketing. Controlling for the effect of sex and social group, periodontal disease was significantly more frequent in the maxilla in connection with crowding, extreme maxillary overjet, and cross-bite (p less than 0.05). No association was found in the mandible. The presence of certain malocclusion traits in adolescence may probably often call for special professional efforts of oral hygiene education rather than orthodontic therapy.