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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Autoimmune encephalitis in psychiatric institutions: current perspectives.

Chloe Bost1, Olivier Pascual2, Jérôme Honnorat1

  • 1French Reference Center of Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, Bron, France; Synatac Team, NeuroMyoGene Institut, INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR5310, Lyon, France; University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.

Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment
|November 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Autoimmune encephalitis, a condition with autoantibodies targeting brain cells, presents with diverse neuropsychiatric symptoms. Early detection and management are crucial for better patient outcomes.

Keywords:
autoantibodiesdementianeuroimmunologyorganic psychosisschizophrenia

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Autoimmune encephalitis involves autoantibodies against synaptic and neuronal cell surface antigens, causing varied neuropsychiatric symptoms.
  • While neurological symptoms are documented, psychiatric manifestations are key to early diagnosis but often overlooked.
  • Accurate diagnosis relies on sensitive tests like cell-based assays for detecting neuronal cell surface antibodies.

Approach:

  • This review focuses on the psychiatric symptoms of autoimmune encephalitis, aiding earlier physician detection.
  • It details neurological symptoms associated with specific autoantibodies to assist diagnosis.
  • The review provides an overview of autoimmune encephalitis incidence in psychiatric populations and management guidelines.

Key Points:

  • Psychiatric symptoms can precede or accompany neurological signs in autoimmune encephalitis.
  • Cell-based assays are vital for identifying neuronal cell surface antibodies in serum or cerebrospinal fluid.
  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment significantly improve prognosis in autoimmune encephalitis.

Conclusions:

  • Earlier detection of autoimmune encephalitis, particularly through recognizing psychiatric symptoms, is essential for timely intervention.
  • Understanding the link between psychiatric manifestations and specific autoantibodies can guide diagnostic and treatment strategies.
  • This review aims to equip physicians with knowledge for better patient care and improved outcomes in autoimmune encephalitis.