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Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Screw-type device diameter and orthodontic loading influence adjacent bone remodeling.

Jonathan Christian Francis, Ulas Oz, Larry L Cunningham

    The Angle Orthodontist
    |November 9, 2016
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    Summary

    Orthodontic loading of small-diameter (1.6 mm) implant screws significantly reduced bone remodeling. Larger implant screws (≥2.0 mm) showed no significant changes in bone remodeling, regardless of loading. Further investigation into long-term effects is warranted.

    Keywords:
    Beagle dogsBone remodelingMini screwsOrthodontic force

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomaterials science
    • Orthodontics
    • Dental implantology

    Background:

    • Bone remodeling is crucial for dental implant success.
    • Understanding the biomechanical effects of implant design and loading is essential for optimizing osseointegration.
    • Screw-type implantable devices are commonly used in dental and orthopedic applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of implant diameter and orthodontic loading on bone remodeling around screw-type implantable devices.
    • To quantify the bone formation rate (BFR) and other histomorphometric parameters in response to varying implant sizes and mechanical forces.

    Main Methods:

    • Screw-shaped devices of four diameters (1.6, 2.0, 3.0, 3.75 mm) were implanted in beagle dogs.
    • A split-mouth design was employed, with one side of the implants subjected to 2N orthodontic loading.
    • Bone-implant sections were analyzed using epifluorescent bone labels to determine BFR and other histomorphometric variables.

    Main Results:

    • Mean BFR varied from 10.93% to 38.91% per year.
    • Loaded 1.6-mm screws showed significantly lower BFR compared to non-loaded 1.6-mm screws and loaded larger diameter screws (≥2.0 mm).
    • No significant differences in BFR were observed among loaded and non-loaded screws with diameters of 2.0 mm, 3.0 mm, and 3.75 mm.

    Conclusions:

    • Orthodontic loading of 2N significantly reduced bone remodeling around 1.6-mm diameter screws.
    • Implant diameters of 2.0 mm or larger were not significantly affected by 2N orthodontic loading in terms of bone remodeling.
    • The long-term consequences of diminished bone remodeling around loaded small-diameter implants require further investigation.